A nurse is caring for a client who has an infection caused by Candida albicans. The nurse understands that this microorganism belongs to what group of microorganisms?

Choice A reason:

Administering antiemetics as prescribed is an intervention that the nurse should implement for a client who has metabolic alkalosis due to prolonged vomiting. Antiemetics are medications that can prevent or treat nausea and vomiting, which are the main causes of metabolic alkalosis in this case. By stopping vomiting, antiemetics can help prevent further loss of gastric acid and bicarbonate retention, which can correct metabolic alkalosis.

Choice B reason:

Monitoring serum potassium levels is an intervention that the nurse should implement for a client who has metabolic alkalosis due to prolonged vomiting. Metabolic alkalosis can cause hypokalemia due to increased renal excretion of potassium and intracellular shift of potassium in exchange for hydrogen ions. Hypokalemia can worsen metabolic alkalosis by impairing renal acid excretion and increasing bicarbonate reabsorption. The nurse should monitor serum potassium levels regularly and report any abnormalities or signs of hypokalemia, such as muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, or ECG changes.

Choice C reason:

Administering sodium bicarbonate IV as prescribed is not an intervention that the nurse should implement for a client who has metabolic alkalosis due to prolonged vomiting. Sodium bicarbonate is an alkalinizing agent that can increase serum bicarbonate levels and pH, which can worsen metabolic alkalosis. Sodium bicarbonate IV should be avoided or used with caution in clients who have metabolic alkalosis, unless they have severe acid-base imbalance or coexisting metabolic acidosis.

Choice D reason:

Encouraging intake of acidic foods and beverages is not an intervention that the nurse should implement for a client who has metabolic alkalosis due to prolonged vomiting. Acidic foods and beverages can lower the pH of the stomach, but they have little effect on the pH of the blood or urine, which are regulated by other mechanisms such as buffers, lungs, and kidneys. Acidic foods and beverages can also irritate the gastric mucosa and trigger more vomiting, which can aggravate metabolic alkalosis.

Choice E reason:

Providing supplemental oxygen as needed is an intervention that the nurse should implement for a client who has metabolic alkalosis due to prolonged vomiting. Metabolic alkalosis can cause respiratory compensation by decreasing the respiratory rate and depth, which can lead to hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Supplemental oxygen can help maintain adequate oxygenation and prevent tissue hypoxia and organ damage. The nurse should monitor the client's oxygen saturation and arterial blood gas levels and adjust the oxygen therapy accordingly.

Choice A reason:

Decreased hematocrit is an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. Hypovolemia causes hemoconcentration, which increases the hematocrit level. IV fluid therapy restores the blood volume and dilutes the red blood cells, which decreases the hematocrit level.

Choice B reason:

Increased urine specific gravity is not an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Urine specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine. Hypovolemia causes dehydration, which increases the urine specific gravity. IV fluid therapy rehydrates the body and lowers the urine specific gravity.

Choice C reason:

Decreased central venous pressure is not an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Central venous pressure is a measure of the pressure in the right atrium and vena cava. Hypovolemia causes decreased preload, which lowers the central venous pressure. IV fluid therapy increases preload and raises the central venous pressure.

Choice D reason:

Increased blood urea nitrogen is not an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Blood urea nitrogen is a measure of the amount of urea in the blood. Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys. Hypovolemia causes decreased renal perfusion, which increases the blood urea nitrogen level. IV fluid therapy improves renal perfusion and lowers the blood urea nitrogen level.