A nurse is caring for a client who has rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The nurse understands that this condition is caused by what type of hypersensitivity?
Type I hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason:
Type I hypersensitivity is not involved in RA, as it does not involve IgE antibodies or mast cells.
Choice B reason:
Type II hypersensitivity is not involved in RA, as it does not involve IgG or IgM antibodies or target cells.2
Choice C reason:
RA is caused by type III hypersensitivity, which involves the formation and deposition of immune complexes in the synovial membranes of the joints. This triggers complement activation, inflammation, and tissue damage.
Choice D reason:
Type IV hypersensitivity is not involved in RA, as it does not involve cytotoxic T cells or helper T cells.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Type I hypersensitivity is not involved in Graves' disease, as it does not involve IgE antibodies or mast cells.
Choice B reason:
Type II hypersensitivity is involved in Graves' disease, as it involves IgG antibodies that bind to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors on the thyroid gland and stimulate the production of thyroid hormones. This leads to hyperthyroidism and manifestations such as goiter, exophthalmos, tachycardia, weight loss, or tremors.
Choice C reason:
Type III hypersensitivity is not involved in Graves' disease, as it does not involve immune complexes or complement activation.
Choice D reason:
Type IV hypersensitivity is not involved in Graves' disease, as it does not involve cytotoxic T cells or helper T cells.
Choice E reason:
Type V hypersensitivity is also involved in Graves' disease, as it involves the stimulation of target cells by antibodies that act as agonists for cell surface receptors. This leads to an increased function of the target organ or tissue.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The SOFA score is a tool that assesses the degree of organ dysfunction or failure in septic shock. It is based on six parameters: blood pressure, Glasgow coma scale, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, platelet count, bilirubin level, and creatinine level. Each parameter is assigned a score from 0 to 4 based on the severity of the abnormality. The total SOFA score ranges from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating worse organ dysfunction or failure.
The client's blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg corresponds to a SOFA score of 1, as it indicates hypotension.
The client's Glasgow coma scale is not given, so it is assumed to be normal (15), which corresponds to a SOFA score of 0.
The client's PaO2/FiO2 ratio is not given, so it is assumed to be normal (>400), which corresponds to a SOFA score of 0.
The client's platelet count is not given, so it is assumed to be normal (>150 x 10^9/L), which corresponds to a SOFA score of 0.
The client's bilirubin level is not given, so it is assumed to be normal (<20 micromol/L), which corresponds to a SOFA score of 0.
The client's creatinine level is not given, so it is assumed to be normal (<110 micromol/L), which corresponds to a SOFA score of 0.
The total SOFA score is the sum of the scores for each parameter: 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 1. Therefore, the client has a SOFA score of 1.
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