A nurse is caring for a client who has contact dermatitis after exposure to poison ivy. The nurse recognizes that this condition is mediated by what type of cells?
B cells
T cells
T cells
Mast cells
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason:
B cells are not involved in contact dermatitis, as they do not produce antibodies or form immune complexes.
Choice B reason:
T cells are the type of cells that mediate contact dermatitis, which is a type of type IV hypersensitivity. T cells recognize the poison ivy antigens that bind to the skin proteins and release cytokines that recruit macrophages and other inflammatory cells. This leads to a delayed and localized reaction that manifests as erythema, edema, vesicles, and pruritus.
Choice C reason:
T cells are not the same as B cells, as they have different receptors and functions in the immune system.
Choice D reason:
Mast cells are not involved in contact dermatitis, as they do not express IgE antibodies or release histamine.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Atrophy is a decrease in cell size or number in response to adverse stimuli, such as disuse, ischemia, or malnutrition. It does not increase the risk of cancer, but it can impair the function of tissues and organs.
Choice B reason:
Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size in response to normal or abnormal stimuli, such as exercise, hormones, or hypertension. It does not increase the risk of cancer, but it can affect the function of tissues and organs.
Choice C reason:
Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number in response to normal or abnormal stimuli, such as hormones, inflammation, or wound healing. It does not increase the risk of cancer, but it can cause excessive growth of tissues and organs.
Choice D reason:
Dysplasia is an abnormal and potentially reversible change in cell size, shape, and organization in response to persistent stressors. It can be a precursor to cancer if it is not detected and treated early.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Decreased hematocrit is an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. Hypovolemia causes hemoconcentration, which increases the hematocrit level. IV fluid therapy restores the blood volume and dilutes the red blood cells, which decreases the hematocrit level.
Choice B reason:
Increased urine specific gravity is not an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Urine specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine. Hypovolemia causes dehydration, which increases the urine specific gravity. IV fluid therapy rehydrates the body and lowers the urine specific gravity.
Choice C reason:
Decreased central venous pressure is not an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Central venous pressure is a measure of the pressure in the right atrium and vena cava. Hypovolemia causes decreased preload, which lowers the central venous pressure. IV fluid therapy increases preload and raises the central venous pressure.
Choice D reason:
Increased blood urea nitrogen is not an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Blood urea nitrogen is a measure of the amount of urea in the blood. Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys. Hypovolemia causes decreased renal perfusion, which increases the blood urea nitrogen level. IV fluid therapy improves renal perfusion and lowers the blood urea nitrogen level.
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