A nurse is caring for a client who has hypernatremia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
Restrict fluid intake
Monitor neurological status
Administer hypotonic IV fluids
Encourage foods high in sodium
Provide oral hygiene frequently
Correct Answer : B,C,E
Choice A reason:
Restricting fluid intake is not an action that the nurse should take for a client who has hypernatremia. Fluid restriction can worsen hypernatremia by increasing the concentration of sodium in the blood. Fluid intake should be increased or replaced with isotonic or hypotonic fluids to dilute sodium and correct hypernatremia.
Choice B reason:
Monitoring neurological status is an action that the nurse should take for a client who has hypernatremia. Hypernatremia can cause neurological symptoms such as confusion, agitation, seizures, coma, and death due to cellular dehydration and brain shrinkage. The nurse should assess the client's level of consciousness, orientation, memory, behavior, and reflexes regularly and report any changes or deterioration.
Choice C reason:
Administering hypotonic IV fluids is an action that the nurse should take for a client who has hypernatremia. Hypotonic fluids have a lower concentration of solutes than normal body fluids and can help lower serum sodium levels by moving water into the cells from the blood vessels. The nurse should administer hypotonic fluids slowly and carefully to avoid fluid overload or cerebral edema.
Choice D reason:
Encouraging foods high in sodium is not an action that the nurse should take for a client who has hypernat
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Decreased hematocrit is an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. Hypovolemia causes hemoconcentration, which increases the hematocrit level. IV fluid therapy restores the blood volume and dilutes the red blood cells, which decreases the hematocrit level.
Choice B reason:
Increased urine specific gravity is not an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Urine specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine. Hypovolemia causes dehydration, which increases the urine specific gravity. IV fluid therapy rehydrates the body and lowers the urine specific gravity.
Choice C reason:
Decreased central venous pressure is not an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Central venous pressure is a measure of the pressure in the right atrium and vena cava. Hypovolemia causes decreased preload, which lowers the central venous pressure. IV fluid therapy increases preload and raises the central venous pressure.
Choice D reason:
Increased blood urea nitrogen is not an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Blood urea nitrogen is a measure of the amount of urea in the blood. Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys. Hypovolemia causes decreased renal perfusion, which increases the blood urea nitrogen level. IV fluid therapy improves renal perfusion and lowers the blood urea nitrogen level.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
This is a correct answer because healing of ulcers is an expected outcome of PPI therapy for PUD, as it occurs when the acid-induced damage to the mucosa is repaired and the ulcer is closed.
Choice B reason:
This is a correct answer because relief of pain is an expected outcome of PPI therapy for PUD, as it occurs when the acid-induced irritation and inflammation of the mucosa and the nerve endings are reduced.
Choice C reason:
This is an incorrect answer because eradication of H. pylori is not an expected outcome of PPI therapy for PUD, as it requires a combination of antibiotics and bismuth compounds to kill the bacteria and prevent its recurrence.
Choice D reason:
This is a correct answer because prevention of bleeding is an expected outcome of PPI therapy for PUD, as it occurs when the acid-induced erosion and perforation of the mucosa and the blood vessels are prevented.
Choice E reason:
This is a correct answer because reduction of inflammation is an expected outcome of PPI therapy for PUD, as it occurs when the acid-induced activation of inflammatory mediators and immune cells are inhibited.
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