A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting after a course of chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following clinical manifestations?

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Severe vomiting can lead to a loss of gastric acid, resulting in metabolic alkalosis and not acidosis.
B.   A client who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting may lose gastric acid through vomitus and develop metabolic alkalosis, which is a condition characterized by a high pH (greater than 7.45) and a high bicarbonate (greater than 26 mEq/L). Metabolic alkalosis can cause confusion, tremors, tetany, and hypokalemia.
C. Respiratory alkalosis is not typically associated with vomiting; it is more often seen in conditions with hyperventilation.
D.   Respiratory acidosis is not the primary acid-base imbalance associated with vomiting; it is more commonly associated with conditions affecting lung function.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Lethargy is a common manifestation of respiratory acidosis due to the buildup of carbon dioxide leading to respiratory depression.
B. Numbness of fingers is more associated with respiratory alkalosis.
C. Dry skin is not a direct manifestation of respiratory acidosis.
D. Abdominal pain is not typically associated with respiratory acidosis.

A. The client who has end-stage renal failure and is scheduled for dialysis today. B. The client who has left-sided heart failure and has a brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level of 600 pg/mL C. The client who has been NPO since midnight for endoscopy. D. The client who has gastroenteritis and is febrile.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A: End-stage renal failure is associated with fluid retention, making this client less likely to be at risk for fluid volume deficit.
B: Left-sided heart failure with an elevated BNP level suggests fluid overload, not deficit.
C: The client who has been NPO since midnight for endoscopy is not at risk for fluid volume deficit because the duration of fasting is not long enough to cause significant dehydration.
D: The client who has gastroenteritis and is febrile is at risk for fluid volume deficit because of the loss of fluids and electrolytes from vomiting and diarrhea, as well as the increased insensible water loss from fever.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting after a course of chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following clinical manifestations?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has respiratory acidosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for four hospitalized clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as being at risk for fluid volume deficit?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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