A nurse is caring for an adult client who is competent and has refused an analgesic injection. The nurse administers the injection despite the client's objections. Which of the following types of tort has the nurse committed?
Battery
Assault
Negligence
False imprisonment
The Correct Answer is A
A. Battery is the intentional and wrongful physical contact with a person without their consent. Administering an injection after a competent client has refused it constitutes battery, even if the nurse’s intent was to help. The client’s right to autonomy and informed consent must always be respected.
B. Assault refers to threatening or attempting to touch a person without consent, causing them to fear harm. In this case, the nurse did not merely threaten — they actually performed the act — so it is battery, not assault.
C. Negligence is an unintentional tort that occurs when a nurse fails to act as a reasonable and prudent nurse would, resulting in harm. Administering a medication without consent is intentional, not negligent.
D. False imprisonment involves restricting a person’s freedom of movement without legal justification (e.g., restraining a client without an order). The nurse did not confine the client but instead performed an unwanted procedure, making this battery, not false imprisonment.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Restlessness is an objective indicator of pain because it is a visible behavior that the nurse can observe, such as pacing, fidgeting, or inability to remain still.
B. Pupil dilation is a physiological, objective sign of pain, often linked to sympathetic nervous system activation, but it is measurable and observable rather than reported by the client.
C. The client reports a burning sensation is a subjective indicator of pain because it relies entirely on the client’s personal experience and description. Pain is inherently subjective, meaning only the individual experiencing it can accurately convey its presence, location, intensity, and quality.
D. Grimacing is another objective indicator of pain, identified through facial expressions or body language, but it does not provide information about the client’s personal perception of the pain.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Environmental factors involve physical surroundings that affect health, such as pollution, unsafe living conditions, or lack of clean water. While subsidized housing is an environmental condition, the client’s concern is about affording medication, which relates more directly to finances.
B. Cultural factors include beliefs, values, and practices that influence health behaviors and decision-making. The client’s concern is not related to cultural beliefs but to financial limitations.
C. Socioeconomic factors involve income level, employment status, education, and access to resources that influence a person’s ability to maintain health. The client’s worry about paying for medications reflects a financial barrier, making this a socioeconomic factor affecting health.
D. Health literacy refers to a client’s ability to obtain, process, and understand health information needed to make appropriate decisions. The client’s concern is not about understanding medication instructions but about being able to afford them.
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