A nurse is caring for multiple clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client should the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for respiratory alkalosis?

chest wall trauma with broken ribs

excessive mechanical ventilation

renal insufficiency

overuse of antacids

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Rationale:
A. Chest wall trauma with broken ribs can cause hypoventilation due to pain, potentially leading to respiratory acidosis, not alkalosis.
B. Excessive mechanical ventilation can lead to hyperventilation, which causes too much CO₂ to be expelled. This decreases the carbonic acid concentration in the blood, resulting in respiratory alkalosis.
C. Renal insufficiency primarily contributes to metabolic acidosis due to poor acid excretion.
D. Overuse of antacids is associated with metabolic alkalosis due to increased bicarbonate intake, not respiratory alkalosis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Hyporeflexia is not a typical finding in hyponatremia; neuromuscular symptoms like muscle cramps and weakness are more common.
B. Constipation is more often associated with hypercalcemia or dehydration, not hyponatremia.
C. Headache is a common early sign of hyponatremia due to cerebral edema from water shifting into brain cells.
D. Increased appetite is not associated with hyponatremia; nausea and anorexia are more likely.

A. Chloride B. Calcium C. Potassium D. Magnesium

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Chloride levels often decrease along with sodium, as they are closely related electrolytes. Hyponatremia is commonly accompanied by hypochloremia.
B. Calcium levels are regulated independently of sodium and are not typically affected by hyponatremia.
C. Potassium may be normal, low, or even high depending on the underlying cause; it is not consistently low with hyponatremia.
D. Magnesium levels do not typically mirror sodium levels and are regulated separately.

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A nurse is caring for multiple clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client should the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for respiratory alkalosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a sodium level of 128 mEq/L. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing a client's admission laboratory findings that indicate the client has hyponatremia. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse also expect to be below the expected reference range?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has metabolic acidosis. The nurse should realize that which of the following findings contributes to the development of metabolic acidosis?

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