A nurse is discussing the causes of Ankylosing Spondylitis with a patient.
Which statement accurately describes a risk factor associated with this condition?
"Environmental factors, such as bacterial infections, are the primary cause of Ankylosing Spondylitis.”
"Ankylosing Spondylitis predominantly affects females.”
"The HLA-B27 gene is not associated with an increased risk of Ankylosing Spondylitis.”
"Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis typically manifest in childhood.”
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Environmental factors, such as bacterial infections, are the primary cause of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
Rationale: Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is believed to have a multifactorial etiology, and while genetics play a significant role (particularly the HLA-B27 gene), environmental factors, such as bacterial infections, have been implicated in triggering the condition.
Certain bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, have been associated with AS, and their presence may exacerbate inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals.
This statement accurately reflects the current understanding of AS's etiology.
Choice B rationale:
"Ankylosing Spondylitis predominantly affects females." Rationale: This statement is incorrect.
Ankylosing Spondylitis is more common in males than in females.
It has a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1.
Therefore, it predominantly affects males, not females.
Choice C rationale:
"The HLA-B27 gene is not associated with an increased risk of Ankylosing Spondylitis." Rationale: This statement is incorrect.
The HLA-B27 gene is strongly associated with an increased risk of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
In fact, it is one of the most significant genetic risk factors for the development of AS.
Over 90% of individuals with AS are HLA-B27 positive.
Choice D rationale:
"Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis typically manifest in childhood." Rationale: This statement is incorrect.
Ankylosing Spondylitis symptoms typically do not manifest in childhood.
The onset of AS symptoms usually occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood, typically between the ages of 17 and 45.
It is rare for AS symptoms to appear in childhood.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The hallmark symptom of Ankylosing Spondylitis is lower back pain and stiffness that worsens in the morning or after periods of inactivity but improves with physical activity.
This is known as inflammatory back pain, which is characteristic of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
The pain is typically most severe in the morning and gradually improves with activity as the day progresses.
This pattern is due to the inflammatory nature of the condition, and it distinguishes Ankylosing Spondylitis from other causes of lower back pain.
Choice B rationale:
This statement is incorrect.
Pain in Ankylosing Spondylitis typically worsens with inactivity and improves with physical activity, which is the opposite of what is described here.
Choice C rationale:
This statement is incorrect.
Heat therapy may provide some temporary relief for muscle tension or minor aches, but it is not the primary method of relieving pain associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis.
Choice D rationale:
This statement is incorrect.
Pain radiating to the buttocks is not the hallmark symptom of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
While some individuals with the condition may experience radiating pain, it is not the defining characteristic of the disease.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"Avoid exercise to prevent joint stiffness." This statement is not accurate and is not a part of the recommended management for Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS).
Exercise is crucial in managing AS to prevent joint stiffness and maintain mobility.
Therefore, the nurse should not provide this advice.
Choice B rationale:
"Don't worry about your posture; it won't affect your condition." Proper posture is essential in managing AS to prevent further spinal deformities and reduce pain.
This statement is not accurate and should not be included in the nurse's advice to the patient.
Choice C rationale:
"Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential." This is the correct answer.
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are indeed essential in managing AS.
Starting treatment early can help slow the progression of the disease and improve the patient's quality of life.
Therefore, the nurse should emphasize the importance of early intervention.
Choice D rationale:
"Smoking can help reduce the risk of severe symptoms." This statement is completely inaccurate and should not be included in the nurse's advice.
Smoking is detrimental to overall health and can worsen the symptoms of AS.
The nurse should strongly advise against smoking for AS patients.
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