A nurse is discussing the transmission cycle of VZV with a nursing student. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further education?
"Primary infection occurs when a person comes into contact with respiratory droplets.”
"Reactivation of VZV in the nerve cells leads to the onset of chickenpox.”
"The incubation period of VZV ranges from 10 to 21 days.”
"The risk of transmission is lower during reactivation compared to primary infection.”
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
The primary infection of VZV occurs through respiratory droplets, not when a person comes into contact with them. The virus is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory secretions.
Choice B rationale:
Reactivation of VZV in the nerve cells leads to the onset of shingles, not chickenpox. Chickenpox is the primary infection, and after recovery, the virus remains dormant in nerve cells and can reactivate as shingles later in life.
Choice C rationale:
The incubation period of VZV for chickenpox ranges from 10 to 21 days, which is accurate information.
Choice D rationale:
The risk of transmission during reactivation (shingles) is higher than during primary infection (chickenpox) Shingles can cause the development of vesicles containing the virus, which can be contagious if someone comes into direct contact with the fluid from the vesicles. Primary chickenpox, on the other hand, spreads through respiratory droplets and is more widespread during the initial infection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
(Incorrect) Shingles, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, can be transmitted through direct contact with the fluid from the vesicles (blisters) of a person who has active shingles. However, it is important for the nurse to provide correct information to the client.
Choice B rationale:
(Correct) Shingles can only occur in individuals who have previously had chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the nerve tissues. Later in life, the virus can reactivate, leading to shingles. It is crucial for the nurse to emphasize this point to prevent any misunderstandings.
Choice C rationale:
(Incorrect) While the shingles vaccine is effective in reducing the risk of developing shingles, it does not have a 100% efficacy rate. The vaccine can, however, reduce the severity and duration of the illness if shingles still occur after vaccination.
Choice D rationale:
(Incorrect) The herpes zoster vaccine (shingles vaccine) is not given to children under 10 years old. It is recommended for adults aged 50 years and older or for individuals with certain risk factors.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Monitoring vital signs, pain level, and neurological status is important to assess the client's overall condition and response to treatment.
Choice B rationale:
Isolating the patient until all lesions are crusted over is not necessary for shingles, as it is not as highly contagious as chickenpox.
Choice C rationale:
Educating the patient and family about the disease process is essential to help them understand the condition, its course, and the necessary measures for management and prevention of complications.
Choice D rationale:
Encouraging oral hygiene and a soft diet is important, especially if the patient has oral lesions, to promote comfort and prevent secondary infections.
Choice E rationale:
Administering medications as prescribed, such as antiviral medications, can help reduce the severity and duration of the shingles outbreak.
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