(Select all that apply):. A nurse is providing wound care instructions to a patient who has a contaminated wound. Which actions should the nurse include in the instructions? (Select all that apply)

Choice A rationale:

The nurse should not advise the patient to apply iodine, hydrogen peroxide, or alcohol to the wound. These substances can be irritating to the wound and delay the healing process.

Choice B rationale:

Cleaning and debriding the wound as soon as possible is an essential action to prevent infection and promote healing. Removing debris and foreign material from the wound reduces the risk of contamination and infection.

Choice C rationale:

Using non-sterile instruments for wound care is not appropriate. The nurse should emphasize the importance of using clean and sterile instruments to prevent introducing additional bacteria into the wound.

Choice D rationale:

Administering the Td vaccine (Tetanus and Diphtheria) for prophylaxis is a crucial action to protect the patient from tetanus, especially in contaminated wounds where tetanus spores might be present.

Choice E rationale:

Proper disposal of animal feces is crucial to avoid exposure to tetanus spores. Tetanus spores can be found in soil contaminated with animal feces and can enter the body through open wounds, leading to a serious and potentially fatal infection.

Choice A rationale:

Stating that "chickenpox is not contagious once the fever is gone" is incorrect information. Chickenpox is still contagious until all the lesions are crusted over.

Choice B rationale:

The statement "You can spread the virus by scratching the lesions" is accurate. Scratching the chickenpox lesions can cause the fluid from the blisters to be released, and this fluid contains the varicella-zoster virus, which can then infect others.

Choice C rationale:

Stating that "chickenpox can only be transmitted through respiratory droplets" is incorrect. While respiratory droplets are a common mode of transmission, direct contact with the fluid from the lesions is also a significant mode of transmission.

Choice D rationale:

Saying that "the virus can survive on surfaces for up to 24 hours" is incorrect. The varicella-zoster virus is relatively fragile and cannot survive for extended periods on surfaces outside the body. It is primarily transmitted through direct contact or respiratory droplets.