What statement best describes the pathophysiology of psoriasis?

Rationale:

A. Decreased range of motion in the affected limb is correct. Contractures are permanent shortening of muscles, tendons, or ligaments that often develop after burn injuries, particularly when deep partial-thickness or full-thickness burns heal with significant scar tissue formation. As scar tissue forms and contracts, it limits joint mobility, leading to restricted range of motion, functional impairment, and deformity. Early recognition and intervention, such as physical therapy, splinting, and proper positioning, are essential to prevent or minimize contractures.

B. Increased muscle strength in the affected limb is incorrect. Contractures result in limited movement and stiffness, not enhanced muscle strength. An increase in strength would suggest recovery and rehabilitation rather than a complication of scarring.

C. Improved flexibility and joint movement is incorrect. Contractures reduce flexibility and impede joint movement. Improved flexibility would indicate successful healing and rehabilitation, not the development of a contracture.

D. Swelling and redness around the burn area is incorrect. While swelling and erythema may occur during the acute inflammatory phase of burn healing, they do not specifically indicate contracture formation. Contractures develop over time as scar tissue matures and tightens, rather than during initial inflammation.

Rationale:

A. Anemia results in reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to low red blood cell or hemoglobin levels. This can cause cerebral hypoxia, leading to dizziness, lightheadedness, or even fainting.

B. Fatigue is a hallmark symptom of anemia because tissues receive less oxygen, impairing cellular metabolism and energy production. Clients often report generalized weakness and decreased exercise tolerance.

C. To compensate for decreased oxygen delivery, the body increases respiratory rate, resulting in dyspnea or shortness of breath, particularly during exertion.

D. Anemia typically causes tachycardia as the cardiovascular system attempts to maintain oxygen delivery to tissues. A decreased heart rate is not a typical sign of anemia.

E. Anemia generally leads to pallor, especially of the skin, mucous membranes, and nail beds, rather than redness (erythema). Pallor occurs due to reduced hemoglobin and decreased perfusion.