A nurse notes a high specific gravity in a client's urine sample. Which interpretation is most appropriate?
The client has renal failure.
The urine is dilute due to hydration.
The client has well-controlled diabetes.
The urine is highly concentrated.
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. The client has renal failure is incorrect. In renal failure, the kidneys often lose the ability to concentrate urine, which usually results in low or fixed specific gravity, not high. A high specific gravity is not a direct indicator of renal failure.
B. The urine is dilute due to hydration is incorrect. Dilute urine corresponds to low specific gravity, which occurs when a client is well-hydrated or when the kidneys are excreting large volumes of water. High specific gravity indicates the opposite.
C. The client has well-controlled diabetes is incorrect. While diabetes mellitus can cause glucosuria in uncontrolled cases, which may slightly increase urine specific gravity, well-controlled diabetes does not typically produce a high specific gravity.
D. The urine is highly concentrated is correct. A high urine specific gravity reflects a high solute concentration relative to water, indicating concentrated urine. This can result from dehydration, reduced fluid intake, excessive loss of water (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, sweating), or conditions that promote water reabsorption such as elevated antidiuretic hormone (ADH) activity. Measuring specific gravity is a useful indicator of the kidney’s concentrating ability and the client’s hydration status.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Joint pain is not a symptom of asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease and does not directly affect joints. Joint pain may indicate other conditions such as arthritis or autoimmune disorders, but it is unrelated to asthma.
B. Chest tightness is a common symptom of asthma. Airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction reduce airflow, leading to a sensation of pressure or tightness in the chest, often accompanied by difficulty breathing. This is particularly noticeable during an asthma exacerbation or after exposure to triggers.
C. Increased appetite is not associated with asthma. Appetite changes are unrelated to the pathophysiology of airway inflammation and bronchospasm.
D. Wheezing is a hallmark sign of asthma. It occurs due to turbulent airflow through narrowed bronchi and bronchioles caused by bronchospasm, mucus accumulation, and airway edema. Wheezing is often expiratory and may be audible without a stethoscope in severe cases.
E. Coughing is another key symptom of asthma. It can be dry or productive and is often worse at night or early morning. Coughing results from airway irritation and inflammation and may be the only presenting symptom in some patients, known as cough-variant asthma.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Purulent fluid is thick, opaque, and often yellow, green, or brown in color. It contains leukocytes, cellular debris, and bacteria, and is typically associated with infection. Because purulent fluid is not clear, it does not match the description provided by the client.
B. Hemorrhagic fluid contains blood. It appears red or dark red due to the presence of red blood cells and indicates bleeding into a wound or blister. Hemorrhagic fluid is not clear, so it does not correspond to the fluid described.
C. Serosanguineous fluid is a mixture of clear (serous) fluid and small amounts of blood, giving it a pale pink or light red appearance. While it is partially clear, the presence of blood changes its color, making it different from completely clear fluid.
D. Serous fluid is a clear, watery fluid that is typically seen in blisters caused by friction or minor burns. It is composed mainly of plasma and electrolytes and functions to cushion and protect underlying tissues. The fluid described by the client as “clear” corresponds to serous fluid, making it the correct classification.
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