A nurse is planning an in-service about communicable diseases for staff members. Which of the following diseases should the nurse identify as causing Koplik spots?
Diphtheria.
Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum).
Measles (rubeola).
Poliomyelitis.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Diphtheria causes a thick throat membrane, not Koplik spots. It is a bacterial infection affecting the respiratory tract, leading to airway obstruction, but lacks the characteristic oral lesions seen in measles, making it an incorrect association with this clinical sign.
Choice B reason: Fifth disease, caused by parvovirus B19, presents with a slapped-cheek rash, not Koplik spots. It affects the skin and occasionally joints but does not involve mucosal lesions, distinguishing it from measles, which uniquely features these oral spots.
Choice C reason: Measles (rubeola) causes Koplik spots, small white lesions on the buccal mucosa, appearing before the rash. These spots result from viral replication in mucosal cells, a hallmark diagnostic sign of measles, aiding early identification of this highly contagious viral infection.
Choice D reason: Poliomyelitis, a viral infection, affects the nervous system, causing paralysis, not Koplik spots. It lacks mucosal involvement, focusing on motor neuron damage, making it unrelated to the oral lesions characteristic of measles, an entirely different viral pathology.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Congenital immunodeficiency is a contraindication for the MMR vaccine, a live attenuated vaccine, as it risks causing severe infection in immunocompromised children. Weakened immune systems cannot control live viruses, potentially leading to disseminated disease, making this a critical safety concern.
Choice B reason: A fever of 38.3°C (101°F) after prior immunizations is a common, transient reaction, not a contraindication for MMR. It indicates an immune response, not an ongoing condition preventing vaccination, allowing safe administration in healthy children without active severe illness.
Choice C reason: A mild cough and temperature of 37.7°C (99.9°F) are not contraindications for MMR. Minor respiratory symptoms do not impair immune response to the vaccine, and delaying immunization risks leaving the child unprotected against measles, mumps, and rubella.
Choice D reason: Antibiotics for otitis media are not a contraindication for MMR. Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, not affecting the immune response to a viral vaccine. Administering MMR during antibiotic therapy is safe, ensuring timely protection against these contagious diseases.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Explaining the insulin injection in simple terms reduces fear and anxiety, promoting psychological comfort in pediatric diabetes care. Atraumatic care emphasizes emotional preparation, helping the child understand the procedure, which minimizes stress and enhances coping, improving long-term treatment adherence.
Choice B reason: Using a larger needle increases pain and tissue trauma, contradicting atraumatic care principles. Smaller, finer needles are standard for insulin injections to minimize discomfort, as larger needles cause more tissue disruption, increasing anxiety and pain in pediatric patients.
Choice C reason: Asking the child to look away may reduce visual anxiety but does not address emotional preparation. Atraumatic care prioritizes active engagement and understanding, like explaining the procedure, to empower the child, rather than passive distraction, which has limited long-term benefit.
Choice D reason: Administering the injection quickly reduces duration but not overall trauma. Atraumatic care involves psychological preparation and gentle technique, not just speed. Rushing risks improper administration or increased fear, whereas explaining the process fosters trust and reduces anxiety in children.
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