A nurse is planning care for an older adult client who has moderate Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement in the client's plan of care?

Maintain scheduled daily routines for the client.

Use long sentences when speaking with the client.

Provide the client with increased environmental stimuli.

Ensure all siderails are up on the client's bed when they are sleeping.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale:
A. Maintain scheduled daily routines for the client: A consistent daily routine helps reduce confusion and anxiety in clients with Alzheimer’s disease by providing structure and familiarity. Predictability supports cognitive function and enhances a sense of security.

B. Use long sentences when speaking with the client: Long or complex sentences can overwhelm clients with moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Simple, short sentences with clear instructions are more effective for promoting understanding and cooperation.

C. Provide the client with increased environmental stimuli: Too much environmental stimulation can lead to agitation, confusion, or sensory overload in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. A calm, quiet environment is more appropriate to help maintain focus and comfort.

D. Ensure all siderails are up on the client's bed when they are sleeping: Raising all side rails can pose a safety risk by increasing the likelihood of injury from attempts to climb over them. Alternatives like using a low bed and ensuring supervision are safer and more appropriate.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Decreased WBC count: Bacterial meningitis causes an inflammatory response, leading to an increased WBC count in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), not a decrease. Elevated WBCs indicate the body is fighting infection in the central nervous system.

B. Increased glucose: CSF glucose levels are typically decreased because bacteria consume glucose and impair its transport across the blood-brain barrier. The presence of leukocytes and pathogens in the CSF also contributes to glucose depletion. Elevated glucose is not characteristic of this condition.

C. Clear cerebrospinal fluid: CSF in bacterial meningitis is usually cloudy or turbid due to the accumulation of white blood cells, protein, and bacteria. The change in appearance reflects the severity of the infection and is one of the classic diagnostic signs. Clear CSF would be more consistent with normal or viral findings.

D. Increased protein: A hallmark of bacterial meningitis is elevated CSF protein levels due to increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the presence of bacterial and inflammatory proteins. This is an expected finding.

A. "Cauliflower is a good dietary choice." B. "Increase the amount of egg yolks in your diet." C. "Select desserts such as angel-food cake." D. "Eat choice or prime cuts of meat."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:

A. "Cauliflower is a good dietary choice”. Cauliflower is a gas-forming vegetable that can increase abdominal discomfort in clients with gallbladder disease. It is not typically recommended during symptomatic periods or recovery from cholelithiasis.

B. "Increase the amount of egg yolks in your diet." Egg yolks are high in cholesterol and fat, which can trigger gallbladder contractions and worsen symptoms in clients with cholelithiasis. These should be limited or avoided.

C. "Select desserts such as angel-food cake." Angel-food cake is low in fat and cholesterol, making it an appropriate dessert option for individuals with gallbladder disease. Low-fat and non-irritating foods are key to managing symptoms.

D. "Eat choice or prime cuts of meat." Choice or prime cuts tend to have a higher fat content. High-fat meats can exacerbate symptoms by stimulating bile production and gallbladder contractions, which should be avoided in cholelithiasis.

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A nurse is planning care for an older adult client who has moderate Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement in the client's plan of care?

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