A nurse is planning to develop a quality improvement program to evaluate the infection control rates in a hospital. Identify the sequence of steps the nurse should follow.

Identify the standard criteria for infection control,

Compare the established standards to the collected data.

Plan strategies to reduce the infection rate.

Gather and analyze the collected data.

Evaluate to determine whether infection control rates have improved.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A,D,B,C,E

Rationale:

A. Identify the standard criteria for infection control – The first step in quality improvement is to establish evidence-based standards or benchmarks against which outcomes can be measured. Without clear standards, evaluation cannot be accurate.

D. Gather and analyze the collected data – After establishing standards, the nurse collects current infection control data and performs initial analysis to determine the hospital’s current performance.

B. Compare the established standards to the collected data – This step involves identifying gaps between current performance and desired outcomes, highlighting areas for improvement.

C. Plan strategies to reduce the infection rate – Based on the comparison, the nurse develops and implements targeted interventions to improve infection control, such as staff education, hand hygiene campaigns, or process changes.

E. Evaluate to determine whether infection control rates have improved – The final step is to assess the effectiveness of interventions, measuring outcomes against the original standards to ensure quality improvement goals are met.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:
A. A living will is an advance directive that communicates a client’s preferences for medical treatment when they are unable to make decisions for themselves. The client’s statement shows understanding that the living will guides healthcare providers in honoring their wishes regarding life-sustaining treatments and end-of-life care.

B. A living will does not require the provider’s signature to be valid. The client can complete it independently according to state laws, and its purpose is to reflect the client’s wishes, not to obtain provider approval.

C. An attorney is not required to make or modify a living will, although some clients may seek legal advice. Changes can usually be made by the client following proper documentation procedures.

D. The ethics committee does not have the final say over a client’s advance directive. The client’s documented wishes in the living will take precedence, even if family members disagree.

A. A client who has sickle-cell anemia and is requesting water B. A client who has just returned to the unit from the PACU C. A client who reports acute chest pain D. A client who has a closed head injury and increased intracranial pressure

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. A client who has sickle-cell anemia and is requesting water is stable and does not have acute complications at this moment. Measuring vital signs and providing oral fluids are within the scope of practice of an assistive personnel (AP). The AP can safely perform these routine tasks under the nurse’s supervision.

B. A client who has just returned from the PACU requires frequent monitoring, assessment for postoperative complications, and nursing judgment. Vital signs in this case may indicate instability, so an RN must perform the assessment.

C. A client reporting acute chest pain requires immediate assessment, intervention, and possible activation of emergency protocols. Delegating vital signs to an AP would delay urgent care.

D. A client with a closed head injury and increased intracranial pressure is at high risk for rapid deterioration. Vital signs and neurological assessments require nursing judgment and continuous monitoring, so an AP cannot safely perform these assessments.

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A nurse is planning to develop a quality improvement program to evaluate the infection control rates in a hospital. Identify the sequence of steps the nurse should follow.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing client teaching about advance directives to a client who has a terminal illness. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of a living will?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is preparing to assign vital sign measurements for a group of clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse delegate to an assistive personnel?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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