A nurse is preparing a teaching session about reducing the risk of complications of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Sustain hyperglycemia to reduce deterioration of nerve.

Maintain optimal blood pressure to prevent kidney damage.

Reduce cholesterol and saturated fat intake.

Enroll in a smoking cessation program.

Increase physical activity.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,E

A. Incorrect. Sustaining hyperglycemia is not a recommended approach. In fact, it is crucial to maintain blood glucose levels within a target range to prevent complications associated with diabetes.

B. Correct. Maintaining optimal blood pressure is important for preventing kidney damage, which is a common complication of diabetes. High blood pressure can exacerbate kidney problems in individuals with diabetes.

C. Correct. Reducing cholesterol and saturated fat intake is important for managing cardiovascular risk factors associated with diabetes. Elevated cholesterol levels are a risk factor for heart disease, which is more prevalent in individuals with diabetes.

D. Correct. Enrolling in a smoking cessation program is essential. Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is already elevated in individuals with diabetes. Quitting smoking is a crucial step in reducing this risk.

E. Correct. Increasing physical activity is an important component of diabetes management. Regular exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity, maintain a healthy weight, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A client who has a calcium of 9.3 mg/dL - This calcium level is within the normal range (8.5-10.2 mg/dL) and does not indicate hypoparathyroidism.

B. A client who has a phosphate of 5.7 mg/dL - An elevated phosphate level is a manifestation of hypoparathyroidism. In hypoparathyroidism, there is a decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH) production, which leads to decreased calcium absorption and increased phosphate levels.

C. A client who has a vitamin D of 25 ng/mL - This vitamin D level is within the normal range and does not specifically indicate hypoparathyroidism.

D. A client who has a magnesium of 1.8 mg/dL - This magnesium level is within the normal range and does not specifically indicate hypoparathyroidism.

A. Photophobia B. Exophthalmos C. Lethargy D. Goiter

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Photophobia is not typically associated with hypothyroidism. It can be a symptom of conditions affecting the eyes, such as certain infections or ocular disorders.

B. Exophthalmos is a protrusion of the eyeballs and is a characteristic symptom of hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), not hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).

C. Correct. Lethargy is a common symptom of hypothyroidism. It is characterized by extreme tiredness, sluggishness, and lack of energy.

D. Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland and can occur in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. However, it is not a direct symptom; it is a physical finding that can be associated with thyroid disorders.

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A nurse is preparing a teaching session about reducing the risk of complications of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for four clients. The nurse should recognize which of the following clients has a manifestation of hypoparathyroidism?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic hypothyroidism. For which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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