A nurse is providing education to a client starting hemodialysis. The client asks about dietary restrictions. Which of the following nutrients should the nurse recommend limiting for a client on hemodialysis?

A) This statement is incorrect. While administering an antibiotic may be necessary if peritonitis is confirmed, it should not be done without obtaining a sample for testing first.

B) This statement is incorrect. Measuring vital signs and assessing for pain are essential aspects of client assessment, but they may not provide enough information to determine the cause of the cloudy drainage.

C) This statement is incorrect. Clamping the catheter may be necessary if peritonitis is suspected, but it should not be done without first obtaining a sample of the drainage for testing.

D) This statement is accurate. Cloudy drainage from the catheter site may indicate peritonitis, which is an infection of the peritoneal cavity. Obtaining a sample of the drainage for culture and sensitivity testing can help identify the presence of infection and guide appropriate treatment.

A. Increase the dialysis session duration: Extending the session may help reduce fluid shifts over time, but it is not an immediate intervention to relieve acute muscle cramps during dialysis.
B. Increase the dialysate solution temperature: Warming the dialysate can improve muscle perfusion and reduce the incidence of cramping during dialysis. It helps minimize vasoconstriction and discomfort.
C. Decrease the dialysate solution flow rate: This is not typically used to treat muscle cramps. Flow rate adjustments affect solute clearance and may not alleviate cramping.
D. Administer an anticoagulant medication: Anticoagulants are used to prevent clotting in the dialysis circuit and do not treat or prevent muscle cramps.