A nurse is providing teaching about cough etiquette to a client who has influenza. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
"Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing."
"If you are coughing frequently, you should wear gloves when preparing meals."
"Stay 2 feet away from others when coughing."
"Turn your head away when coughing."
The Correct Answer is A
A. "Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing.": Covering both the nose and mouth with a tissue prevents respiratory droplets from spreading into the environment, reducing transmission of influenza to others. Proper disposal of the tissue and hand hygiene should follow.
B. "If you are coughing frequently, you should wear gloves when preparing meals.": Gloves are not a primary measure for cough etiquette. Hand hygiene and avoiding food preparation while symptomatic are more effective in preventing the spread of influenza.
C. "Stay 2 feet away from others when coughing.": Droplet precautions for influenza recommend maintaining at least 3 feet of distance, and ideally up to 6 feet, to prevent exposure. Two feet is inadequate to protect others from respiratory droplets.
D. "Turn your head away when coughing.": Turning the head alone does not sufficiently contain respiratory secretions. Droplets can still disperse into the air, so using a tissue or the elbow crease is more effective.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. A client who needs their daily weight taken with a bed scale: Daily weight is important for monitoring fluid status, but it is not immediately life-threatening if delayed. This task can be completed after more urgent client needs are addressed.
B. A client who has a leg ulcer and needs their dressing changed: Dressing changes are important for preventing infection and promoting healing, but this intervention is not urgent compared to risks involving airway or nutrition.
C. A client who has an indwelling urinary catheter bag that needs to be emptied: Emptying a catheter bag helps with comfort and infection control but does not represent a priority safety concern. It can safely wait until more urgent tasks are completed.
D. A client who has dysphagia and has a scheduled feeding: Dysphagia places the client at high risk for aspiration during feeding, which can compromise the airway and lead to respiratory complications. This client requires the nurse’s immediate attention to ensure safe feeding.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "I think you should call your friends to comfort you.": This deflects the client’s feelings and shifts responsibility to others, rather than addressing the client’s immediate emotional needs.
B. "Things are not as bad as they seem right now.": This minimizes the client’s fear and invalidates their feelings, which can prevent open communication about their concerns.
C. "It must be a very difficult time for you.": This is a therapeutic, empathetic response that acknowledges the client’s emotions and encourages them to share their fears in a supportive manner.
D. "Why are you afraid that you are going to die?": Asking "why" can sound judgmental or probing, which may make the client defensive instead of fostering trust and open discussion.
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