A nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports of four clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse expect to have a positive fecal occult blood test?

A client who has ulcerative colitis

A client who has stomatitis

A client who uses laxatives

A client who has cholecystitis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A Reason:

A client who has ulcerative colitis is correct. Ulcerative colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), involves chronic inflammation and ulceration in the colon and rectum. This condition often results in bleeding from the inflamed mucosa, leading to the presence of blood in the stool that can be detected by a fecal occult blood test.

Choice B Reason:

A client who has stomatitis is incorrect. Stomatitis refers to inflammation in the mouth and does not typically cause bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, which is what the fecal occult blood test detects. Stomatitis involves oral lesions or sores but does not directly impact stool blood content.

Choice C Reason:

A client who uses laxatives is incorrect. Laxative use does not necessarily cause bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. While some laxatives can potentially irritate the intestinal lining, leading to minor bleeding in some cases, the presence of blood in the stool due to laxative use is less common compared to conditions like ulcerative colitis, where chronic inflammation and ulceration lead to significant bleeding.

Choice D Reason:

A client who has cholecystitis is incorrect. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder and does not directly involve bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. It typically presents with symptoms related to gallbladder inflammation such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, rather than causing bleeding that would be detected by a fecal occult blood test.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A Reason :

Increased peripheral circulation is incorrect. As people age, changes in the cardiovascular system can occur, but increased peripheral circulation isn't a common physiological change. In fact, aging might lead to reduced elasticity in blood vessels, potentially resulting in decreased circulation to some areas.

Choice B Reason:

Increased saliva production is incorrect: Saliva production doesn't usually increase with age. Instead, certain medications, medical conditions, or treatments might impact saliva production. Aging itself doesn't commonly cause an increase in saliva production; in fact, it can decrease due to changes in salivary glands.

Choice C Reason:

Increased constipation is correct. As individuals age, there can be changes in gastrointestinal motility and muscle tone, which can contribute to an increased likelihood of constipation.

Choice D Reason:

Decreased muscle mass is correct. Aging often leads to a natural decline in muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia, which can affect mobility and overall physical function.

Choice E Reason:

Decreased cough reflex is correct. With aging, the cough reflex might become less sensitive or effective, which can impact the ability to clear the airways efficiently.

A. Use a filter needle to aspirate the medication B. Add 0.5 ml of diluent to the medication, C. Cleanse the tip of the ampule with an alcohol swab after opening. D. Inject air into the ampule prior to drawing the medication into a syringe.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

A filter needle is used to prevent any glass particles from entering the syringe when drawing medication from an ampule, as ampules are made of glass that can sometimes break and leave shards.

Choice B Reason:

Adding 0.5 ml of diluent to the medication is incorrect. Adding diluent to medication from an ampule is not a standard practice. Ampules usually contain pre-measured doses of medication and are designed for direct withdrawal without dilution. Adding diluent could alter the concentration and effectiveness of the medication.

Choice C Reason:

The ampule should be cleansed before opening to remove any potential contaminants. Once the ampule is opened, the inside of the ampule and the medication should be considered sterile, so there is no need to cleanse the tip after opening.

Choice D Reason:

Injecting air into the ampule prior to drawing the medication into a syringe is incorrect. This action is not typically necessary when withdrawing medication from an ampule. Some medications may require air to equalize pressure, but it's crucial to follow specific guidelines for each medication. In most cases, creating positive pressure by injecting air into the ampule is not recommended, as it could affect the stability or integrity of the medication.

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports of four clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse expect to have a positive fecal occult blood test?

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