A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who had abdominal surgery 2 days ago. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings indicates the client is at risk for delayed wound healing?

Choice A reason: Assigning a health care surrogate does not always require legal consultation, as forms are often available without attorney involvement. While legal advice can clarify complex cases, it is not mandatory, making this statement misleading and incorrect for general advance directive education.
Choice B reason: A health care surrogate makes decisions when the client is incapacitated, as specified in advance directives. This ensures the client’s wishes are followed, aligning with the purpose of surrogacy in healthcare planning, making it accurate and essential information for the teaching session.
Choice C reason: Advance directives can be changed at any time by a competent client, provided the changes are documented and communicated. Stating they cannot be changed is incorrect, as flexibility is a key feature, making this misinformation inappropriate for teaching.
Choice D reason: Advance directives are generally honored across states, though specific requirements may vary. Stating they are only valid in one state is overly restrictive and incorrect, as reciprocity is common, making this an inaccurate point for advance directive education.

Choice A reason: Advising over-the-counter medications as safe is incorrect, as many, like NSAIDs, increase warfarin’s bleeding risk by inhibiting platelets or affecting liver metabolism. Warfarin’s narrow therapeutic index requires careful management to prevent hemorrhage, making broad safety claims dangerous without specific evaluation.
Choice B reason: Consulting the pharmacist identifies interactions with warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist metabolized by CYP450 enzymes. Many drugs alter warfarin’s efficacy, risking thrombosis or bleeding. Pharmacist expertise ensures safe polypharmacy, maintaining therapeutic INR levels critical for managing pulmonary emboli effectively.
Choice C reason: Recommending warfarin with other medications ignores interaction risks and timing needs. Warfarin’s absorption is unaffected by timing, but CYP450 interactions can alter INR. This advice is irrelevant to safety, missing the need for individualized regimen assessment to prevent complications in anticoagulation therapy.
Choice D reason: Cranberry juice may enhance warfarin’s effect by inhibiting CYP2C9, increasing INR and bleeding risk. Advising its use without monitoring is unsafe, as dietary factors can destabilize anticoagulation, potentially causing hemorrhage in clients with pulmonary emboli, requiring careful dietary guidance.