A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has metabolic acidosis.
The nurse should realize that which of the following findings contributes to the development of metabolic acidosis?
Hyperventilation.
Diarrhea.
Salicylate intoxication.
Vomiting.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
Hyperventilation is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis, not a cause. It helps to eliminate carbon dioxide, a weak acid, to balance the pH.
Choice B rationale:
Diarrhea causes loss of bicarbonate, a base, from the body. This can lead to metabolic acidosis as there is an excess of acids.
Choice C rationale:
Salicylate intoxication can cause both respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis. However, it is not the most common cause of metabolic acidosis.
Choice D rationale:
Vomiting leads to loss of gastric acid, a strong acid. This usually results in metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Urine specific gravity 1.020 is within the normal range (1.005-1.030), so it does not indicate fluid volume deficit.
Choice B rationale:
Urine output 15 mL/hr is less than the normal minimum of 30 mL/hr, indicating fluid volume deficit.
Choice C rationale:
Hct 43% is within the normal range (38.8-50.0 for men, 34.9-44.5 for women), so it does not indicate fluid volume deficit.
Choice D rationale:
BUN 12 mg/dL is within the normal range (7-20 mg/dL), so it does not indicate fluid volume deficit.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The medication should be dropped into the conjunctival sac, which is the space between the lower eyelid and the eyeball. This is the correct method for administering ophthalmic drops.
Choice B rationale:
The eyedropper should not touch any part of the eye, including the sclera, to avoid contamination and potential infection.
Choice C rationale:
It is not necessary to don sterile gloves when administering ophthalmic drops. Clean gloves or hand hygiene is sufficient.
Choice D rationale:
Rubbing the eye after instilling medication can cause irritation and may disperse the medication, reducing its effectiveness.
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