A nurse is teaching a class about the steps of the inflammatory response. The nurse should include that which of the following is the first step in the inflammatory response?
Inflammatory cells are activated
Release of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein
Inflammatory pathways are triggered
Recognition of harmful stimuli by patern receptors on cell surfaces
The Correct Answer is D
The first step in the inflammatory response is the recognition of harmful stimuli by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surfaces of various cells, including immune cells and non-immune cells. PRRs recognize specific patterns associated with pathogens, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), among others. This recognition leads to the activation of signaling pathways that promote the recruitment and activation of immune cells and the release of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines.
Once the PRRs recognize the harmful stimuli, inflammatory cells are activated, including neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. These cells then release inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, which promote the recruitment and activation of more immune cells and further amplify the inflammatory response. Inflammatory pathways are also triggered, leading to the production of various inflammatory mediators and the activation of transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Answer: A
Rationale:
A) A client who has hemorrhoids: An oral temperature is appropriate for this client as there are no contraindications for using the oral route. Hemorrhoids do not affect the accuracy or safety of oral temperature measurement.
B) A client who had recent oral surgery: Oral temperature measurement should be avoided for this client as it may cause discomfort or disrupt the healing process. Alternative routes, such as tympanic or axillary, are more appropriate.
C) A client who has a coagulation disorder: Oral temperature measurement might be risky in clients with coagulation disorders due to the potential for trauma or bleeding from the oral mucosa. A non-invasive method is preferable for safety.
D) A client who is drinking ice water: Drinking ice water can temporarily lower the temperature in the oral cavity, leading to inaccurate readings. The nurse should wait 15–30 minutes before measuring an oral temperature.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Answer: C. Place a surgical mask on the client when they leave their room.
Rationale:
A) Wear a surgical mask when within 0.6 m (2 ft) of the client.
While it is necessary to wear a surgical mask when in close proximity to a client on droplet precautions, the distance specified (0.6 m or 2 ft) is less than the standard recommended distance of 1 meter (3 feet). Therefore, this option is not fully aligned with best practices.
B) Move the client to a positive airflow room.
Positive airflow rooms are typically used for clients with immunosuppression or those who need protection from airborne pathogens, not for those on droplet precautions. This action is not appropriate for a client requiring droplet precautions.
C) Place a surgical mask on the client when they leave their room.
This action is appropriate and essential to minimize the risk of transmission of infectious agents to others when the client is moving outside their isolation area. The client wearing a mask is a key part of droplet precautions.
D) Remove fresh flowers from the client’s room.
While it may be necessary to remove fresh flowers in certain cases (such as for neutropenic clients), this is not specifically related to droplet precautions. Droplet precautions focus primarily on respiratory secretions and do not directly involve the presence of flowers.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today