A nurse is teaching a client about tetanus. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? (Select All that Apply.)

"A deep wound that has come in contact with soil, dirt, or dust could become infected with tetanus."

"A minor wound that is not a puncture wound is not sufficient enough to allow tetanus to enter the body."

"Wounds that come in contact with contaminated animal feces can cause tetanus."

"Newborns are at risk if their parent is unvaccinated or gives birth in unsanitary conditions."

"Since there is no treatment for tetanus once acquired, vaccination is very important."

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

A. "A deep wound that has come in contact with soil, dirt, or dust could become infected with tetanus.": Tetanus spores are commonly found in soil and dust. Deep or puncture wounds provide an anaerobic environment for Clostridium tetani, making infection possible, so this is accurate.

B. "A minor wound that is not a puncture wound is not sufficient enough to allow tetanus to enter the body.": Even minor wounds can become infected if contaminated; tetanus spores can enter through small cuts, making this statement inaccurate.

C. "Wounds that come in contact with contaminated animal feces can cause tetanus.": Animal feces may harbor Clostridium tetani, so wounds exposed to contaminated feces are a recognized risk factor for tetanus infection.

D. "Newborns are at risk if their parent is unvaccinated or gives birth in unsanitary conditions.": Neonatal tetanus can occur in infants born to unvaccinated mothers or in non-sterile birth environments, making this a valid point for preventive education.

E. "Since there is no treatment for tetanus once acquired, vaccination is very important.": Vaccination is the primary preventive measure because treatment after infection is complex and outcomes can be severe, highlighting the importance of immunization.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Blood tests and scans are typically used to confirm the diagnosis of ADHD.": There are no laboratory tests or imaging studies that can definitively diagnose ADHD; diagnosis is based on behavioral assessment and history.

B. "We can use a computer-based test to definitively diagnose your child with ADHD.": Computer-based or neuropsychological tests can assist in assessment but cannot independently confirm ADHD. Diagnosis requires a comprehensive clinical evaluation.

C. "Clinical manifestations of ADHD must be observed for at least three months to be considered for diagnosis.": Current guidelines require symptoms to be present for at least 6 months, not 3 months, to meet diagnostic criteria, so this statement is inaccurate.

D. "Diagnosis of ADHD primarily relies on the results of comprehensive diagnostic studies.": Comprehensive diagnostic studies" refers to the holistic collection of data. This includes standardized rating scales (like the Vanderbilt or Conners scales) completed by parents and teachers, a detailed developmental history, physical examination, and clinical observation.

A. Apply cool water to the burn for up to 15 minutes, clean gently with mild soap daily, and manage pain with over-the-counter medications. B. immediately administer IV fluids to prevent hypovolemia and monitor urine output. C. Encourage sun exposure to the burn area to promote vitamin D synthesis and healing. D. Prevent infection by keeping the burn clean and covered with a dry sterile dressing.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Apply cool water to the burn for up to 15 minutes, clean gently with mild soap daily, and manage pain with over-the-counter medications: For a superficial partial-thickness burn, immediate first aid with cool water reduces pain and limits tissue damage. Gentle daily cleansing and appropriate analgesia support healing and comfort.

B. Immediately administer IV fluids to prevent hypovolemia and monitor urine output: IV fluid resuscitation is necessary for extensive burns covering a significant body surface area, not for a minor superficial partial-thickness burn. Overhydration for a small burn is unnecessary and may cause complications.

C. Encourage sun exposure to the burn area to promote vitamin D synthesis and healing: Sun exposure can damage healing skin, increase the risk of scarring, and is contraindicated during acute burn recovery. Protection from ultraviolet light is recommended until the skin fully heals.

D. Prevent infection by keeping the burn clean and covered with a dry sterile dressing: While infection prevention is important, dry sterile dressings are typically used for deeper burns. Superficial partial-thickness burns benefit from gentle cleansing and sometimes moist or emollient dressings to promote epithelialization rather than solely dry coverage.

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A nurse is teaching a client about tetanus. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? (Select All that Apply.)

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