A nurse is teaching a new nurse about diuretic therapy for clients with heart failure. Which of the following medications increases the risk for both hypokalemia and hyponatremia?

Furosemide

Spironolactone

Hydrochlorothiazide

Amiloride

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Furosemide is a loop diuretic and commonly causes hypokalemia, but it is less associated with hyponatremia compared to thiazide diuretics.

Choice B reason: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and may cause hyperkalemia rather than hypokalemia. It is less likely to cause hyponatremia.

Choice C reason: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic known to cause both hypokalemia and hyponatremia due to increased renal excretion of sodium and potassium.

Choice D reason: Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic and does not typically cause hypokalemia. It may help prevent potassium loss when used with other diuretics.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: 1:00 p.m. may be too late to observe peak hypoglycemic effects depending on the type of insulin given. Most short-acting insulins peak within 2–4 hours.

Choice B reason: If insulin was administered at 8:00 a.m., hypoglycemia would most likely occur around 10:00 a.m., which aligns with the peak action of regular or rapid-acting insulin. This is the most critical window for monitoring.

Choice C reason: 8:00 a.m. is likely the time of insulin administration, not when hypoglycemia would occur.

Choice D reason: 5:00 p.m. is too far from the morning dose to be the peak time for hypoglycemia unless another dose was given in the afternoon.

A. The client reaches down to retrieve a dropped object. B. The client asks for assistance when getting out of bed. C. The client uses a long-handled shoehorn to put on shoes. D. The client uses a walker to move from the bed to the bathroom.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Bending at the waist to retrieve objects from the floor places the hip in flexion beyond 90 degrees, which significantly increases the risk of hip dislocation in the early postoperative period. This action violates standard hip precautions and requires immediate correction.

Choice B reason: Asking for assistance when getting out of bed is appropriate and demonstrates awareness of mobility limitations and safety. It does not pose a risk and reflects good self-care.

Choice C reason: Using a long-handled shoehorn is a recommended adaptive strategy to avoid excessive hip flexion. It supports independence while maintaining safety precautions.

Choice D reason: Using a walker for ambulation is standard practice in early recovery. It promotes mobility and reduces fall risk, aligning with rehabilitation goals.

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A nurse is teaching a new nurse about diuretic therapy for clients with heart failure. Which of the following medications increases the risk for both hypokalemia and hyponatremia?

Nursing Test Bank

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