Which of the following is considered a type of good cholesterol?
Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
High density lipoproteins (HDL)
intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL)
Low density lipoproteins (LDL)
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is incorrect. VLDL is considered a “bad” lipoprotein because it carries triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues and can contribute to plaque formation in arteries. Elevated VLDL levels increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
B. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) is correct. HDL is referred to as “good cholesterol” because it transports excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver for excretion or recycling. High levels of HDL are associated with reduced risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. HDL also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, providing additional protection to blood vessels.
C. Intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) is incorrect. IDL is a transitional lipoprotein formed during the metabolism of VLDL to LDL. It is considered atherogenic, meaning it can contribute to plaque buildup, and is not classified as “good cholesterol.”
D. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is incorrect. LDL is commonly referred to as “bad cholesterol” because it transports cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues, where it can deposit in the arterial walls and lead to atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and strokes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Producing antibodies for immune response is incorrect. Antibody production is the function of B lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell), not erythrocytes. Red blood cells do not participate in the immune response.
B. Regulating body temperature is incorrect. While blood circulation helps distribute heat throughout the body, erythrocytes themselves do not directly regulate body temperature. Thermoregulation is a systemic process involving the hypothalamus, blood vessels, and sweat glands.
C. Forming blood clots to stop bleeding is incorrect. Blood clotting is primarily the role of platelets (thrombocytes) and clotting factors in plasma. Erythrocytes do not actively participate in coagulation.
D. Transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissues is correct. Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body. Hemoglobin also assists in transporting a portion of carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation. This oxygen delivery function is the primary responsibility of red blood cells and is critical for maintaining cellular metabolism and energy production.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Severe abdominal cramping is not an early sign of bladder cancer. Cramping or pain typically occurs later in the disease if there is tumor invasion, obstruction, or infection. Early stages of bladder cancer are usually asymptomatic in terms of pain.
B. Dark, frothy urine is more indicative of proteinuria or kidney disease, such as nephrotic syndrome, rather than bladder cancer. While bladder cancer can cause hematuria, the urine is not necessarily frothy.
C. Painless hematuria is the most common early sign of bladder cancer. Blood in the urine may appear grossly visible (red or cola-colored) or microscopic, and it occurs without pain because early tumors typically do not invade the deeper bladder wall or irritate the mucosa significantly. This symptom often prompts medical evaluation, making it a critical early indicator for diagnosis.
D. Frequent nocturia (urination at night) may occur in later stages or in cases of bladder irritation, obstruction, or benign prostatic hyperplasia, but it is not the most common early sign of bladder cancer.
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