A nurse recalls the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response through the process of;
degranulation
opsonization
endocytosis
chemotaxis
The Correct Answer is A
A. degranulation: Mast cells initiate inflammation by degranulation, releasing histamine, heparin and other mediators that increase vascular permeability and vasodilation.
B. opsonization: Opsonization is tagging pathogens (by antibodies or complement) to enhance phagocytosis - not how mast cells initiate inflammation.
C. endocytosis: Endocytosis is cellular uptake of material; mast-cell–mediated initiation of inflammation occurs via mediator release, not endocytosis.
D. chemotaxis: Chemotaxis is directional migration of leukocytes toward chemical signals; mast-cell mediators promote chemotaxis but the initiating action is degranulation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. misdirected response to self-antigens: Autoimmunity is an immune response directed against self-antigens, i.e., the immune system mistakenly targets the body’s own tissues.
B. over response to foreign antigens: This describes hypersensitivity or exaggerated responses to foreign antigens, not autoimmunity.
C. misdirected response to foreign antigens: This would be an inappropriate response to non-self (again hypersensitivity/allergy), not autoimmunity.
D. over response to self-antigens: While autoimmune disease involves harmful responses to self, the key defining feature is a response against self-antigens (misdirected recognition); “over response” is less precise.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
True: The secondary immune response is faster and produces higher antibody levels because memory B cells generated during the primary response rapidly reactivate and differentiate into plasma cells.
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