A nurse receives her client back from the operating room and observes fresh blood on the sheets. The nurse realizes that the client's incision is bleeding and documentation shows that the client received a double dose of intravenous heparin in the operating room. What action should the nurse take?
Administer protamine sulfate
Transfuse platelets.
Transfuse packed red blood cells.
Administer vitamin K.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Administer protamine sulfate: Protamine sulfate is the specific antidote for heparin. It binds to heparin and neutralizes its anticoagulant effect, making it the most appropriate intervention to control active bleeding due to a heparin overdose. Rapid administration is critical to prevent further blood loss.
B. Transfuse platelets: Platelet transfusion is generally indicated for thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction, not for anticoagulation caused by heparin. Heparin-induced bleeding is due to inhibited clotting, not platelet deficiency.
C. Transfuse packed red blood cells: Packed red blood cells may be required if the client experiences significant blood loss, but they do not address the underlying anticoagulation caused by the heparin overdose. This intervention is supportive, not corrective.
D. Administer vitamin K: Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin or vitamin K–dependent anticoagulant toxicity. It has no effect on heparin-induced anticoagulation and would not stop the bleeding in this scenario.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Regular laboratory monitoring is required: Warfarin therapy necessitates frequent monitoring of the international normalized ratio (INR) to ensure therapeutic anticoagulation and to prevent bleeding or clotting complications.
B. Inject this drug subcutaneously in the abdomen: Warfarin is administered orally, not via injection. Teaching injection techniques is not applicable and could cause confusion or medication errors.
C. Avoid medications containing aspirin: Aspirin and other NSAIDs can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin due to additive antiplatelet effects. Clients should be educated to avoid these medications unless approved by their healthcare provider.
D. Report heavy menstrual bleeding to the provider: Heavy or unusual bleeding is a potential sign of warfarin over-anticoagulation. Clients should be instructed to report such symptoms promptly for assessment and possible dosage adjustment.
E. There are no dietary interactions with warfarin: Warfarin interacts with foods high in vitamin K (e.g., leafy greens), which can affect its effectiveness. Clients should be educated on maintaining consistent dietary vitamin K intake rather than assuming no dietary interactions exist.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Clarify the order with the healthcare provider: The order for digoxin 25 mg IV is dangerously high and far exceeds the usual therapeutic dose (typically micrograms, not milligrams). The nurse must verify the order before administration to prevent life-threatening toxicity.
B. Listen to the apical pulse for one minute: While assessing the apical pulse is essential before administering digoxin to check for bradycardia, verifying the unusually high dose takes priority to ensure client safety.
C. Obtain a current blood pressure reading: Monitoring blood pressure is important because digoxin can affect cardiac output, but confirming the safety of the ordered dose comes before vital sign assessment in this scenario.
D. Ensure the client's IV site is patent: Ensuring IV patency is necessary for safe medication administration, but it is secondary to clarifying an unsafe order to prevent immediate harm to the client.
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