A parish nurse is helping a client who has been dealing with domestic violence (DV) at home. Considering Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which action should the nurse prioritize?

Choice A reason: Genetic makeup is a legitimate determinant of health. It influences susceptibility to diseases, metabolism, and response to medications. Recognizing genetics as a factor reflects accurate understanding of biological influences on health.

Choice B reason: Mental health issues are well-established contributors to overall health. They affect physical well-being, social functioning, and healthcare utilization. Acknowledging mental health as a determinant shows awareness of holistic health models.

Choice C reason: Size of home may influence health indirectly through crowding, ventilation, and safety, but it is not a primary determinant. However, mentioning it does not necessarily indicate a lack of understanding unless it is presented as the sole factor.

Choice D reason: Believing that health is only influenced by the physical environment reflects a narrow and incomplete understanding. Health is shaped by a complex interplay of biological, psychological, social, economic, and environmental factors. This belief suggests the need for education on the social determinants of health and the biopsychosocial model.

Choice A reason: Safety is the second foundational level in Maslow’s hierarchy, immediately following physiological needs. For a client experiencing domestic violence, ensuring physical safety is paramount before addressing legal, emotional, or social needs. Securing confidential housing removes the client from immediate harm and provides a stable environment where other needs can be addressed. Without safety, the client cannot effectively engage in legal processes or emotional healing.

Choice B reason: While legal advice is important for long-term protection and justice, it does not address the immediate threat to the client’s physical safety. Legal processes can be lengthy and may not provide immediate relief from danger. This action aligns more with higher-level needs such as security and autonomy, which are secondary to basic safety.

Choice C reason: Support groups are valuable for emotional healing and social connection, which fall under Maslow’s third level—love and belonging. However, these needs cannot be prioritized until the client’s safety is secured. Attending a support group while still in a dangerous environment may expose the client to further risk.

Choice D reason: Providing clothing addresses physiological needs, but it is not the most urgent priority in this context. While clothing is essential, the threat of violence poses a more immediate risk to life and well-being. Safety must be ensured before other physiological needs are addressed.