A patient has a folic acid deficiency associated with not consuming food with folic acid. The nurse would expect a complete blood cell count (CBC) to reveal?

macrocytic, normochromic

microcytic, hypochromic

normocytic, normochromic

microcytic, normochromic

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: This is correct. Folic acid deficiency causes macrocytic, normochromic anemia, which means that the red blood cells are larger than normal, but have normal color and hemoglobin content. Folic acid is a vitamin that is needed for the synthesis of DNA and the maturation of red blood cells.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Microcytic, hypochromic anemia means that the red blood cells are smaller than normal and have less color and hemoglobin content. This type of anemia is caused by iron deficiency, not folic acid deficiency.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Normocytic, normochromic anemia means that the red blood cells are normal in size, color, and hemoglobin content, but there are fewer of them. This type of anemia is caused by blood loss, hemolysis, or bone marrow failure, not folic acid deficiency.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Microcytic, normochromic anemia means that the red blood cells are smaller than normal, but have normal color and hemoglobin content. This type of anemia is rare and is caused by disorders of red blood cell production, such as thalassemia or sideroblastic anemia, not folic acid deficiency.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect. The foot remaining in the same position prior to stroking the sole of the foot is a normal response in adults. It indicates that the spinal cord and the brain are intact and functioning properly.

Choice B reason: This is correct. Great toe bending upward, and smaller toes fanning outward is an abnormal response in adults. It indicates a positive Babinski reflex, which is a sign of damage to the cerebral cortex or the pyramidal tract. The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain that controls higher functions such as thinking, reasoning, and movement. The pyramidal tract is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord and controls voluntary movements.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Great toe bending downward is also a normal response in adults. It indicates that the spinal cord and the brain are intact and functioning properly.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. The opposite foot assuming the same position as the foot being stroked is not related to the Babinski reflex. It is a phenomenon called mirror movement, which may occur in some people due to genetic or developmental factors. It does not indicate any abnormality in the cerebral cortex.

A. Polyphasia and nystagmus B. Increased respiratory rate and depth. C. Decreased level of consciousness and difficulty arousing upon stimulation. D. Decreased pulse pressure and pupils slowly reactive and round to light.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Polyphasia and nystagmus are not signs of neurological deterioration, but rather of speech and eye disorders. Polyphasia is the excessive use of words or speech, and nystagmus is the involuntary movement of the eyes.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Increased respiratory rate and depth are not signs of neurological deterioration, but rather of respiratory distress or hyperventilation. They may indicate a problem with the lungs or the blood gases, not the brain.

Choice C reason: This is correct. Decreased level of consciousness and difficulty arousing upon stimulation are signs of neurological deterioration, as they indicate a decrease in the brain's ability to function and respond to stimuli. They may be caused by increased intracranial pressure, bleeding, swelling, or infection in the brain.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Decreased pulse pressure and pupils slowly reactive and round to light are not signs of neurological deterioration, but rather of cardiovascular or autonomic dysfunction. They may indicate a problem with the heart or the blood pressure, not the brain.

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A patient has a folic acid deficiency associated with not consuming food with folic acid. The nurse would expect a complete blood cell count (CBC) to reveal?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse evaluates the Babinski reflex and strokes the sole of the patient's foot from the outer heel to the little toe. The patient was in an automobile accident and has a decreased level of consciousness. Which response indicates an abnormality in the cerebral cortex?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

An older adult is admitted to the hospital following a closed head injury from a fall that resulted in a 5-minute period of unconsciousness. Which priority nursing assessment indicates neurological deterioration in the patient?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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