A patient is admited with hypernatremia caused by being stranded on a boat in the Atlantic Ocean for two days without water. What is the patient at risk for developing?

Cerebral bleeding

Pulmonary edema

Cardiac arrhythmias

Seizures

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A: Cerebral bleeding is incorrect because it is not a common complication of hypernatremia, which is a high sodium level in the blood. Cerebral bleeding can be caused by conditions such as head trauma, stroke, or aneurysm.

Choice B: Pulmonary edema is incorrect because it is a condition where ﬂuid accumulates in the lungs, causing shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. Pulmonary edema can be caused by conditions such as heart failure, kidney failure, or lung injury.

Choice C: Cardiac arrhythmias is correct because it is a condition where the heart beats irregularly, too fast, or too slow. Cardiac arrhythmias can be caused by hypernatremia, which can aﬀect the electrical activity and contractility of the heart muscle. Hypernatremia can also cause dehydration, hypovolemia, and hypotension, which can impair the blood ﬂow and oxygen delivery to the heart.

Choice D: Seizures is incorrect because it is a condition where abnormal electrical activity in the brain causes convulsions, loss of consciousness, or altered behavior. Seizures can be caused by conditions such as epilepsy, brain tumor, or infection.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A: Concentrated hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are not a sign of ﬂuid volume overload, but rather of ﬂuid volume deficit. This is a condition that occurs when the body loses more ﬂuid than it gains. This can happen in patients who have excessive bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, or diaphoresis. Concentrated hemoglobin and hematocrit levels indicate hemoconcentration, which is an increase in the ratio of blood cells to plasma.

Choice B: Distended neck veins are a sign of ﬂuid volume overload, because this condition occurs when the body retains more ﬂuid than it excretes. This can happen in patients who have heart failure, kidney failure, or excessive ﬂuid intake. Distended neck veins indicate increased central venous pressure, which is a measure of the pressure in the right atrium of the heart.

Choice C: Decreased urine output is not a sign of ﬂuid volume overload, but rather of oliguria or anuria. These are conditions that occur when the urine output is less than 400 mL or 50 mL per day, respectively. These can happen in patients who have acute or chronic kidney injury, urinary obstruction, or shock. Decreased urine output indicates impaired renal function and decreased glomerular filtration rate.

Choice D: Poor skin turgor is not a sign of ﬂuid volume overload, but rather of dehydration. This is a condition that occurs when the body loses more water than it gains. This can happen in patients who have fever, diabetes insipidus, or hyperglycemia. Poor skin turgor indicates decreased skin elasticity and delayed return to normal shape after being pinched.

A. Patient with venous stasis ulcer B. Patient on dialysis C. Patient with bulimia D. Patient with COPD

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A: A patient with venous stasis ulcer is not at increased risk for metabolic alkalosis, because this condition does not aﬀect the acid-base balance of the body. Venous stasis ulcer is a chronic wound that occurs due to impaired blood ﬂow in the lower extremities.

Choice B: A patient on dialysis is not at increased risk for metabolic alkalosis, because dialysis helps to remove excess acids and bases from the blood. Dialysis is a treatment that filters and purifies the blood using a machine.

Choice C: A patient with bulimia is at increased risk for metabolic alkalosis, because this condition involves frequent vomiting that causes loss of gastric acid. Gastric acid is a source of hydrogen ions that lowers the pH of the blood. When gastric acid is lost, the blood becomes more alkaline.

Choice D: A patient with COPD is not at increased risk for metabolic alkalosis, but rather for respiratory acidosis. This is because COPD impairs the ability of the lungs to eliminate carbon dioxide, which is a source of carbonic acid that lowers the pH of the blood. When carbon dioxide accumulates, the blood becomes more acidic.

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A patient is admited with hypernatremia caused by being stranded on a boat in the Atlantic Ocean for two days without water. What is the patient at risk for developing?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A postoperative patient is diagnosed with ﬂuid volume overload. What should the nurse expect to assess in this patient?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is reviewing the health problems for a group of assigned patients. Which patient does the nurse recognize as being at increased risk for developing metabolic alkalosis?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who is on a low-sodium diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is caring for four hospitalized clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as being at risk for ﬂuid volume deficit?

A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic kidney disease for ﬂuid volume increase. Which of the following provides a reliable measure of ﬂuid retention?

The nurse is concerned that a patient recovering from a thyroidectomy is developing hypocalcemia. What findings did the nurse use to come to this conclusion? (Select all that apply)

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with hypocalcemia. What additional assessments should the nurse include when caring for this patient?

The nurse is concerned that a patient recovering from a thyroidectomy is developing hypocalcemia. What findings did the nurse use to come to this conclusion? Select all that apply.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV ﬂuids to correct dehydration. Which of the following laboratory values should indicate to the nurse that the client is eﬀectively responding to treatment?

A nurse is assessing a client who has ﬂuid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?