A nurse is teaching a client who is on a low-sodium diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Limit intake of canned soups.

Choose botled salad dressings.

Choose diet sodas over botled water.

Replace processed meats with fresh meat products.

Read labels on foods before eating.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

Choice A: Limit intake of canned soups is correct because canned soups are high in sodium and can increase blood
pressure and ﬂuid retention. The nurse should advise the client to choose low-sodium or homemade soups instead.

Choice B: Choose botled salad dressings is incorrect because botled salad dressings are also high in sodium and can have added sugars and fats. The nurse should advise the client to make their own salad dressings with vinegar, oil, herbs, and spices.

Choice C: Choose diet sodas over botled water is incorrect because diet sodas are not a healthy alternative to water. Diet sodas contain artificial sweeteners, caﬀeine, and phosphoric acid, which can aﬀect the body's pH balance and calcium absorption. The nurse should advise the client to drink plain water or ﬂavored water with natural ingredients.

Choice D: Replace processed meats with fresh meat products is correct because processed meats such as bacon, ham, sausage, and hot dogs are high in sodium and preservatives. The nurse should advise the client to choose fresh meat products such as chicken, turkey, fish, or lean beef.

Choice E: Read labels on foods before eating is correct because reading labels can help the client identify the sodium content and other ingredients in foods. The nurse should advise the client to look for foods that have less than 140 mg of sodium per serving and avoid foods that have salt, sodium, or monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the ingredient list.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A: Metabolic acidosis is incorrect because it is characterized by a low pH and a low HCO3, not a high PaCO2. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is an excess of metabolic acids in the body, such as lactic acid, ketoacids, or salicylates.

Choice B: Respiratory alkalosis is incorrect because it is characterized by a high pH and a low PaCO2, not a low pH and a high PaCO2. Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is excessive loss of carbon dioxide through hyperventilation, such as in anxiety, fever, or aspirin overdose.

Choice C: Respiratory acidosis is correct because it is characterized by a low pH and a high PaCO2. Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is impaired gas exchange or hypoventilation, resulting in accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood. This can be caused by conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, asthma, or chest trauma.

Choice D: Metabolic alkalosis is incorrect because it is characterized by a high pH and a high HCO3, not a low pH and a high PaCO2. Metabolic alkalosis occurs when there is a loss of metabolic acids or an excess of bicarbonate in the body, such as from vomiting, gastric suctioning, or diuretic therapy.

A. Furosemide (Lasix) B. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) C. Dextrose 10% D. Sodium bicarbonate E. Insulin

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A: Furosemide (Lasix) is incorrect because it is a diuretic that increases urine output and potassium excretion. However, this medication is not eﬀective for patients with chronic renal failure who have oliguria or anuria.

Furosemide can also cause hypokalemia, which is a low potassium level.

Choice B: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is correct because it is a cation exchange resin that binds to potassium in the gastrointestinal tract and removes it from the body through feces. This medication can lower the serum potassium level and prevent hyperkalemia, which is a high potassium level.

Choice C: Dextrose 10% is correct because it is a hypertonic solution that raises the blood glucose level and stimulates the release of insulin. Insulin helps to move potassium from the extracellular ﬂuid into the cells, thus lowering the serum potassium level.

Choice D: Sodium bicarbonate is correct because it is an alkalizing agent that corrects metabolic acidosis, which is a common complication of chronic renal failure. Metabolic acidosis can cause potassium to shift from the intracellular ﬂuid to the extracellular ﬂuid, thus raising the serum potassium level. Sodium bicarbonate can reverse this eﬀect and lower the serum potassium level.

Choice E: Insulin is correct because it also helps to move potassium from the extracellular ﬂuid into the cells, thus lowering the serum potassium level. Insulin can be given intravenously with dextrose 10% to prevent hypoglycemia, which is a low blood glucose level.

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A nurse is teaching a client who is on a low-sodium diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client whose arterial blood gas results show a pH of 7.3 and a PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg. The nurse should identify that the client is experiencing which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient with chronic renal failure has an occluded arteriovenous fistula, and routine hemodialysis is delayed. However, the patient's serum potassium level is 6.0 mEq/L. What should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

The nurse is reviewing the health problems for a group of assigned patients. Which patient does the nurse recognize as being at increased risk for developing metabolic alkalosis?

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has ﬂuid volume deficit. The nurse would expect which of the following findings?

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who is dehydrated. Which of the following BUN lab values should the nurse report to the provider?

A nurse is caring for four hospitalized clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as being at risk for ﬂuid volume deficit?

An older patient comes into the clinic complaining of watery diarrhea for several days with abdominal and muscle cramping. The nurse realizes that this patient is demonstrating which imbalance?

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who takes furosemide. Which of the following results should the nurse identify as the priority finding?

A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. For which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse is admitting a patient who was diagnosed with acute renal failure. Which electrolyte should the nurse expect to be most aﬀected by this disorder?