A nurse is assessing a client who has ﬂuid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

Increased BUN

Increased urine ketones

Decreased urine specific gravity

Decreased Hgb

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A Reason: This is correct because BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen, which is a waste product of protein metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys. Increased BUN indicates ﬂuid volume deficit, as the blood becomes more concentrated and the kidneys have less ﬂuid to filter. A normal BUN level is 7 to 20 mg/dL. The nurse should monitor the client's ﬂuid intake and output, weight, and serum electrolytes, and administer ﬂuids as ordered.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because urine ketones are not related to ﬂuid volume deficit, but to diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a complication of diabetes mellitus that occurs when the body breaks down fat for energy and produces ketones as a by-product. Increased urine ketones indicate diabetic ketoacidosis, which can cause

dehydration, acidosis, and coma. A normal urine ketone level is negative or trace. The nurse should monitor the client's blood glucose, pH, and bicarbonate levels, and administer insulin and ﬂuids as ordered.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because urine specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine. Decreased urine specific gravity indicates ﬂuid volume excess, as the urine becomes more diluted and the kidneys excrete more ﬂuid. A normal urine specific gravity range is 1.005 to 1.030. The nurse should monitor the client's ﬂuid balance, vital signs, and edema, and administer diuretics as ordered.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because Hgb stands for hemoglobin, which is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Decreased Hgb indicates anemia, which is a condition that occurs when the blood has a low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin. Anemia can cause fatigue, weakness, and pallor. A normal Hgb level for adult males is 14 to 18 g/dL and for adult females is 12 to 16 g/dL. The nurse should monitor the client's oxygen saturation, iron level, and blood transfusion needs, and administer iron supplements or erythropoietin as ordered.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This is correct because a phosphate of 5.7 mg/dL indicates hyperphosphatemia, which is a high level of phosphate in the blood. Hyperphosphatemia is a common manifestation of hypoparathyroidism, which is a condition that causes low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH regulates calcium and phosphate balance in the body, and low PTH leads to decreased calcium and increased phosphate levels. The nurse should monitor the client's neuromuscular and cardiovascular status, and administer calcium and vitamin D supplements as ordered.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because a calcium of 9.8 mg/dL is within the normal range of 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL. Hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia, which is a low level of calcium in the blood. Calcium is essential for muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting, and low calcium levels can cause tetany, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs, electrocardiogram, and Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, and administer calcium and vitamin D supplements as ordered.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because a magnesium of 1.8 mEq/L is within the normal range of 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L. Hypoparathyroidism does not aﬀect magnesium levels significantly, and this result does not indicate an urgent problem for the client.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because a vitamin D of 25 ng/mL is within the normal range of 20 to 50 ng/mL. Hypoparathyroidism causes low levels of vitamin D, which is needed for calcium absorption and bone health. Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis. The nurse should monitor the client's bone density and fractures, and administer vitamin D supplements as ordered.

A. Potassium 2.9 mEq/L B. Calcium 8.2 mg/dL C. Phosphorus 4.5 mEq/L D. Sodium 145 mEq/L

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This is the correct answer because potassium 2.9 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia, which is a common and potentially lifethreatening adverse eﬀect of furosemide. Hypokalemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and paralysis. The nurse should report this finding to the provider and monitor the client's vital signs and electrocardiogram.
Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because calcium 8.2 mg/dL is within the normal range of 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL. Furosemide does not aﬀect calcium levels significantly, and this result does not indicate an urgent problem for the client.
Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because phosphorus 4.5 mEq/L is within the normal range of 2.5 to 4.5 mEq/L. Furosemide does not aﬀect phosphorus levels significantly, and this result does not indicate an urgent problem for the client.
Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because sodium 145 mEq/L is within the normal range of 135 to 145 mEq/L. Furosemide can cause hyponatremia, which is a low sodium level, but this result does not indicate that condition. The nurse should monitor the client's ﬂuid balance and intake and output, but this result does not require immediate action.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has ﬂuid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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