A nurse is assessing a client who has ﬂuid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

Increased BUN

Increased urine ketones

Decreased urine specific gravity

Decreased Hgb

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A Reason: This is correct because BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen, which is a waste product of protein metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys. Increased BUN indicates ﬂuid volume deficit, as the blood becomes more concentrated and the kidneys have less ﬂuid to filter. A normal BUN level is 7 to 20 mg/dL. The nurse should monitor the client's ﬂuid intake and output, weight, and serum electrolytes, and administer ﬂuids as ordered.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because urine ketones are not related to ﬂuid volume deficit, but to diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a complication of diabetes mellitus that occurs when the body breaks down fat for energy and produces ketones as a by-product. Increased urine ketones indicate diabetic ketoacidosis, which can cause

dehydration, acidosis, and coma. A normal urine ketone level is negative or trace. The nurse should monitor the client's blood glucose, pH, and bicarbonate levels, and administer insulin and ﬂuids as ordered.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because urine specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine. Decreased urine specific gravity indicates ﬂuid volume excess, as the urine becomes more diluted and the kidneys excrete more ﬂuid. A normal urine specific gravity range is 1.005 to 1.030. The nurse should monitor the client's ﬂuid balance, vital signs, and edema, and administer diuretics as ordered.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because Hgb stands for hemoglobin, which is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Decreased Hgb indicates anemia, which is a condition that occurs when the blood has a low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin. Anemia can cause fatigue, weakness, and pallor. A normal Hgb level for adult males is 14 to 18 g/dL and for adult females is 12 to 16 g/dL. The nurse should monitor the client's oxygen saturation, iron level, and blood transfusion needs, and administer iron supplements or erythropoietin as ordered.

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Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A: Limit intake of canned soups is correct because canned soups are high in sodium and can increase blood
pressure and ﬂuid retention. The nurse should advise the client to choose low-sodium or homemade soups instead.

Choice B: Choose botled salad dressings is incorrect because botled salad dressings are also high in sodium and can have added sugars and fats. The nurse should advise the client to make their own salad dressings with vinegar, oil, herbs, and spices.

Choice C: Choose diet sodas over botled water is incorrect because diet sodas are not a healthy alternative to water. Diet sodas contain artificial sweeteners, caﬀeine, and phosphoric acid, which can aﬀect the body's pH balance and calcium absorption. The nurse should advise the client to drink plain water or ﬂavored water with natural ingredients.

Choice D: Replace processed meats with fresh meat products is correct because processed meats such as bacon, ham, sausage, and hot dogs are high in sodium and preservatives. The nurse should advise the client to choose fresh meat products such as chicken, turkey, fish, or lean beef.

Choice E: Read labels on foods before eating is correct because reading labels can help the client identify the sodium content and other ingredients in foods. The nurse should advise the client to look for foods that have less than 140 mg of sodium per serving and avoid foods that have salt, sodium, or monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the ingredient list.

A. 600 milliliters B. 1200 milliliters C. 1800 milliliters D. 750 milliliters E. 1000 milliliters

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This is correct because 600 milliliters is a low volume of urine output for a 24-hour period, which indicates oliguria. Oliguria is defined as urine output less than 400 to 500 milliliters per day or less than 30 milliliters per hour. Oliguria can be a sign of dehydration, kidney injury, urinary obstruction, or shock. The nurse should notify the patient's healthcare provider and monitor the patient's ﬂuid balance, vital signs, and laboratory values.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because 1200 milliliters is a normal volume of urine output for a 24-hour period, which indicates adequate renal function. The normal range of urine output for adults is 800 to 2000 milliliters per day or 30 to 80 milliliters per hour. The nurse should document the patient's urine output and continue to assess the patient's recovery status.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because 1800 milliliters is a normal volume of urine output for a 24-hour period, which indicates adequate renal function. The normal range of urine output for adults is 800 to 2000 milliliters per day or 30 to 80 milliliters per hour. The nurse should document the patient's urine output and continue to assess the patient's recovery status.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because 750 milliliters is a low-normal volume of urine output for a 24-hour period, which does not require immediate intervention. However, the nurse should be alert for any signs of decreased renal perfusion or function, such as hypotension, tachycardia, decreased urine specific gravity, or elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. The nurse should encourage the patient to drink ﬂuids as tolerated and report any changes in urine output or quality.

Choice E Reason: This is incorrect because 1000 milliliters is a normal volume of urine output for a 24-hour period, which indicates adequate renal function. The normal range of urine output for adults is 800 to 2000 milliliters per day or 30 to 80 milliliters per hour. The nurse should document the patient's urine output and continue to assess the patient's recovery status.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has ﬂuid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

Nursing Test Bank

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Explanation

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