A nurse is assessing a client who has fluid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

Choice A: Limit intake of canned soups is correct because canned soups are high in sodium and can increase blood
pressure and fluid retention. The nurse should advise the client to choose low-sodium or homemade soups instead.

Choice B: Choose botled salad dressings is incorrect because botled salad dressings are also high in sodium and can have added sugars and fats. The nurse should advise the client to make their own salad dressings with vinegar, oil, herbs, and spices.

Choice C: Choose diet sodas over botled water is incorrect because diet sodas are not a healthy alternative to water. Diet sodas contain artificial sweeteners, caffeine, and phosphoric acid, which can affect the body's pH balance and calcium absorption. The nurse should advise the client to drink plain water or flavored water with natural ingredients.

Choice D: Replace processed meats with fresh meat products is correct because processed meats such as bacon, ham, sausage, and hot dogs are high in sodium and preservatives. The nurse should advise the client to choose fresh meat products such as chicken, turkey, fish, or lean beef.

Choice E: Read labels on foods before eating is correct because reading labels can help the client identify the sodium content and other ingredients in foods. The nurse should advise the client to look for foods that have less than 140 mg of sodium per serving and avoid foods that have salt, sodium, or monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the ingredient list.

• Choice A Reason: This is correct because the client who has gastroenteritis and is febrile is likely to lose fluid through vomiting, diarrhea, and sweating. These losses can lead to dehydration, hypotension, and electrolyte imbalances. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs, fluid intake and output, and weight, and administer fluids and electrolytes as ordered.
• Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because the client who has leftsided heart failure and has a BNP level of 600 pg/ml is likely to have fluid volume excess, not deficit. BNP is a hormone that is released by the heart when it is stretched by increased blood volume. A high BNP level indicates that the heart is failing to pump effectively and that fluid is accumulating in the lungs and other tissues. The nurse should monitor the client's respiratory status, oxygen saturation, edema, and weight, and administer diuretics and other medications as ordered.
• Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because the client who has endstage renal failure and is scheduled for dialysis today is likely to have fluid volume excess, not deficit. Renal failure impairs the kidney's ability to excrete fluid and waste products, leading to fluid retention and azotemia. Dialysis is a procedure that removes excess fluid and toxins from the blood using an artificial membrane. The nurse should monitor the client's blood pressure, fluid intake and output, weight, and laboratory values, and prepare the client for dialysis as ordered.
• Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because the client who has been NPO since midnight for endoscopy is unlikely to have a significant fluid volume deficit, unless they have other risk factors or comorbidities. NPO means nothing by mouth, which is a common instruction before certain procedures or surgeries to prevent aspiration. Endoscopy is a procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera to examine the digestive tract. The nurse should verify the client's NPO status, check their consent form, and administer preoperative medications as ordered.