What is the primary indication for diltiazem in the management of cardiovascular conditions?
To treat hypertension and angina
To prevent thromboembolism
As an antiarrhythmic agent
To manage heart failure
The Correct Answer is A
A. To treat hypertension and angina: Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker that relaxes vascular smooth muscle and decreases myocardial oxygen demand, effectively lowering blood pressure and relieving angina. It is commonly prescribed for both conditions as a first-line therapy.
B. To prevent thromboembolism: Diltiazem does not have anticoagulant or antiplatelet effects and therefore does not prevent thromboembolic events. Other medications, such as warfarin or antiplatelet agents, are used for this purpose.
C. As an antiarrhythmic agent: Although diltiazem can slow atrioventricular conduction and may help control some arrhythmias, this is a secondary effect rather than its primary indication. Its main use remains in hypertension and angina management.
D. To manage heart failure: Diltiazem is generally not used for heart failure because negative inotropic effects can worsen cardiac output in patients with reduced ejection fraction. Other drug classes, such as ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers, are preferred for heart failure management.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
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A. Ensure the patient eats their bedtime snack.: While a bedtime snack can help prevent overnight hypoglycemia, the immediate priority after administering regular insulin at 1600 is to cover the meal corresponding to the insulin dose. The snack alone does not match the timing of insulin action.
B. Check the patient's serum blood glucose level.: Monitoring blood glucose is important, but the key intervention immediately after giving regular insulin is to ensure the patient consumes food to prevent hypoglycemia. Lab checks alone do not provide immediate protection against low blood sugar.
C. Assess the patient for hypoglycemia around 1730.: Regular insulin peaks around 2–4 hours after administration, so assessment at 1730 may be early. While monitoring is necessary, the primary action is to provide a meal to match the insulin’s onset and prevent hypoglycemia.
D. Serve the patient the supper tray.: Administering regular insulin requires concurrent carbohydrate intake to prevent hypoglycemia. Serving the supper tray ensures that the insulin’s action is matched with food, maintaining safe blood glucose levels and preventing immediate
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Dries mucous membranes: Expectorants do not dry secretions; instead, they work to thin mucus. Drying the mucous membranes would make coughing less effective and could worsen congestion.
B. Stimulates secretions: Expectorants increase the production and hydration of respiratory tract secretions, which thins mucus and makes it easier to expel. This facilitates airway clearance and improves the effectiveness of coughing.
C. Suppresses the urge to cough: Cough suppressants, or antitussives, reduce the cough reflex. Expectorants do not suppress coughing but enhance mucus clearance, so they serve a different therapeutic purpose.
D. Reduces inflammation: Expectorants do not have anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammation in the respiratory tract may persist, but thinning mucus aids in symptom relief by promoting clearance rather than reducing swelling.
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