A patient who has increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels is scheduled for a renal arteriogram. Which bowel preparation order would the nurse question for this patient?

A. Reflex incontinence: Reflex incontinence occurs when the bladder empties without the sensation of the need to void, often related to neurologic impairment such as spinal cord injury. It is not associated with a distended bladder or continuous small leakage of urine.

B. Urge incontinence: Urge incontinence involves a sudden, strong need to urinate followed by involuntary bladder emptying. It is caused by detrusor overactivity and is not characterized by a consistently distended bladder or constant small leakage.

C. Stress incontinence: Stress incontinence is the leakage of urine with activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, or lifting. It does not usually involve bladder distension or continuous dribbling of urine.

D. Overflow incontinence: Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder is overdistended and cannot empty completely, leading to constant dribbling of urine. The presence of a distended, palpable bladder and continuous leakage of small amounts is consistent with this type of incontinence.

A. BUN 100 mg/dL: In chronic glomerulonephritis, progressive kidney damage leads to impaired excretion of nitrogenous wastes, causing elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. A BUN of 100 mg/dL reflects significant renal dysfunction, which occurs in advanced disease.

B. RBC 4.9 mm3: A normal red blood cell count would typically range from 4.2 to 5.4 million/mm³ in adults. Clients with chronic kidney disease often develop anemia due to decreased erythropoietin production, so a normal RBC is not an expected finding.

C. Serum potassium 4.0 mEq/L: Clients with chronic glomerulonephritis are at risk for hyperkalemia due to impaired potassium excretion. Therefore, a normal potassium level does not reflect the typical laboratory pattern in advanced disease.

D. Serum creatinine 0.8 mg/dL: Normal serum creatinine is approximately 0.6–1.2 mg/dL. In chronic glomerulonephritis, creatinine usually increases as renal function declines. A value of 0.8 mg/dL does not indicate impaired kidney function and is not an expected finding.