A patient with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is placed on a heparin drip. The nurse should have which of the following drugs available in cases of accidental overdose?
calcium gluconate
vitamin K
protamine sulfate
potassium chloride
The Correct Answer is C
A. Calcium gluconate: Calcium gluconate is used to treat conditions such as hyperkalemia or calcium channel blocker overdose. It has no role in reversing the anticoagulant effects of heparin and would not be useful in this scenario.
B. Vitamin K: Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin (Coumadin), not heparin. It promotes the synthesis of clotting factors inhibited by warfarin but does not affect the mechanism of action of heparin.
C. Protamine sulfate: Protamine sulfate binds to heparin and neutralizes its anticoagulant effect, making it the specific antidote for heparin overdose. It is used to reverse excessive anticoagulation and reduce the risk of bleeding complications.
D. Potassium chloride: Potassium chloride is used to treat or prevent hypokalemia. It has no antidotal properties for anticoagulants and would not be relevant in managing heparin toxicity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "I will take a couple of doses of the leftover prednisone I have to decrease the swelling.Using leftover medications, without a prescription is unsafe and inappropriate. Prednisone is not the first-line treatment and does not address the bacterial cause of the illness.
B. "I should take my prescribed antibiotics three (3) times a day until I have taken them all.” Completing the full course of prescribed antibiotics is essential to fully eradicate the infection, prevent complications like rheumatic fever, and reduce antibiotic resistance.
C. "I should be better with a couple of days of rest and some ibuprofen for the pain/fever."Rest and symptom relief do not treat the bacterial infection. Relying solely on supportive care without antibiotics can lead to prolonged illness and serious complications.
D. "I guess I will have to have my tonsils removed."Tonsillectomy is not a standard treatment for a single episode of strep throat. It may be considered only after recurrent infections or other complications, making this an inaccurate understanding of initial treatment.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "We will do a simple blood test.A blood test may show signs of infection, such as elevated white blood cells, but it cannot confirm RSV. It is not a specific or reliable method for diagnosing respiratory syncytial virus in infants.
B. "We will swab your child’s nose and send the specimen for testing.Nasopharyngeal swabs are commonly used to detect RSV using antigen detection or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. The procedure is non-invasive, and highly specific for diagnosing RSV.
C. "We will have to sedate your child and do a CT scan of his chest."CT scans are not used to diagnose RSV and carry unnecessary risk, especially with sedation in infants. Imaging is reserved for complicated or atypical cases and does not confirm viral etiology.
D. “There is no specific test for RSV."There are several reliable tests available for detecting RSV, including rapid antigen tests and PCR from nasal secretions. Accurate testing is important for confirming diagnosis and preventing transmission.
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