A public health nurse is participating in the care of several populations within the community.
Which of the following actions by the nurse is an example of primary prevention?
Creating a free exercise program for adults who have cardiovascular disease.
Implementing immunization clinics for students at elementary schools.
Providing tuberculosis screenings for health care workers.
Administering immunoglobulin to members of the community after exposure to hepatitis A.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Creating a free exercise program for adults who have cardiovascular disease is an example of tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention aims to prevent disease complications and improve the quality of life for individuals who already have a health condition. This intervention focuses on managing the existing disease rather than preventing its initial occurrence in a healthy population.
Choice B rationale
Implementing immunization clinics is a classic example of primary prevention. Primary prevention activities are designed to prevent the onset of a disease or injury by targeting healthy individuals. Immunizations work by stimulating a person's immune system to create antibodies, thereby preventing the development of infectious diseases before they occur in the community.
Choice C rationale
Providing tuberculosis screenings is a form of secondary prevention. Secondary prevention focuses on the early detection and treatment of a disease to prevent it from progressing. Screening for tuberculosis allows for the identification of asymptomatic individuals who may have been exposed, enabling prompt treatment to prevent the development of active disease and further transmission.
Choice D rationale
Administering immunoglobulin after exposure to a disease is considered secondary prevention. This intervention aims to prevent the development of an illness in an individual who has already been exposed to a pathogen, thereby halting or minimizing the progression of the disease. It is not preventing the initial exposure, but rather the subsequent clinical illness.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Chlamydia trachomatis infection can cause inflammation of the urethra (urethritis) and cervix (cervicitis). This inflammation can lead to dysuria, or painful urination, which is a common symptom in both male and female clients. The symptom typically subsides as the infection is resolved with appropriate antibiotic treatment.
Choice B rationale
Chlamydia is a bacterial infection, not a viral one. Therefore, it is treated with an antibiotic, not an antiviral medication. The typical duration of treatment is much shorter, usually a single dose or a 7-day course, not 30 days, which is an unnecessarily long treatment course for this infection.
Choice C rationale
Chlamydia is a highly transmissible sexually transmitted infection. It is a critical public health responsibility for the infected individual to notify their sexual partners from the past 2 months. This allows for prompt testing and treatment of partners, which is essential to prevent re-infection of the client and further community spread.
Choice D rationale
To prevent further transmission and re-infection, clients should be advised to abstain from sexual activity until both the client and their sexual partners have completed the full course of treatment and symptoms have resolved. This practice is crucial to interrupting the chain of infection and ensuring the effectiveness of the treatment.
Choice E rationale
Completing treatment for chlamydia does not confer acquired immunity. A client can be reinfected with chlamydia if they engage in unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner in the future. Therefore, ongoing safe sexual practices are necessary to prevent recurrence.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While finding an affordable exercise program is an important intervention, it is a part of the long-term management of heart disease. It does not address the immediate emotional and relational impact of the diagnosis on the family system, which must be understood first to provide effective, holistic care.
Choice B rationale
Discussing the benefits of a well-balanced diet is a key component of health education for heart disease. However, without first assessing the family's understanding and emotional response to the diagnosis, this discussion may not be well-received or acted upon, as it is not the most immediate priority.
Choice C rationale
This is the correct action to take first as it addresses the immediate emotional and psychological impact of the diagnosis on the family. The nurse must first understand how the diagnosis is affecting family relationships and dynamics before providing any other interventions, as this assessment provides the foundation for holistic and client-centered care.
Choice D rationale
Offering to accompany the client to a doctor’s appointment is a supportive action. However, it is a subsequent intervention that can be offered after the nurse has assessed the family's immediate needs and emotional reactions. It is not the initial priority, which is to assess the family's perspective and feelings about the diagnosis.
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