A viral gastroenteritis that is common among infants and children can be prevented by administering the:
hepatitis A vaccine.
hepatitis B vaccine.
rotavirus vaccine.
vaccine for human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Hepatitis A vaccine prevents hepatitis A virus infection, which primarily affects the liver, not viral gastroenteritis caused by other pathogens.
B. Hepatitis B vaccine prevents hepatitis B virus infection, also primarily hepatic, and does not protect against common viral gastroenteritis.
C. Rotavirus vaccine is the most effective preventive measure against rotavirus infection, which is a leading cause of severe viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. It reduces the incidence of hospitalization, severe diarrhea, and dehydration caused by rotavirus.
D. Vaccine for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is not routinely available for infants and children in most countries and is primarily targeted for travelers, not for general pediatric prevention.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Screening for other STDs is important because patients with genital warts may be at increased risk for co-infections, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, and HIV.
B. Performing a Pap test is important in sexually active females to screen for cervical dysplasia, especially given the association of HPV with cervical cancer.
C. Testing sexual partners for STDs is essential to prevent reinfection and further transmission of sexually transmitted infections.
D. Prescribing another course of imiquimod (Aldara) 5% cream is the least immediately important action if the patient has already completed treatment and lesions have resolved. Follow-up is necessary, but additional medication is only indicated if warts persist or recur.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. In severe hypernatremic dehydration, an infant typically presents with tachycardia, decreased urine output, poor skin turgor, and lethargy. Hypernatremia leads to intracellular dehydration, causing compensatory cardiovascular responses such as tachycardia.
B. Bulging anterior fontanel is more suggestive of increased intracranial pressure, not routine hypernatremic dehydration. Weight loss may be present but is nonspecific.
C. A sodium level of 140 mEq/L is normal, not indicative of hypernatremia. Parched mucous membranes may occur in dehydration, but hypernatremic dehydration usually presents with sodium >150 mEq/L.
D. Potassium of 5.2 is mildly elevated but bradycardia is not typical; tachycardia is the expected cardiovascular response in hypernatremic dehydration.
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