A whitish covering on an infant's tongue that cannot be wiped away is consistent with:
herpes simplex.
oral candidiasis.
a normal finding in an infant.
poor oral care.
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Herpes simplex in infants typically presents with painful vesicles and sometimes systemic symptoms, not a persistent whitish coating.
B. Oral candidiasis (thrush) presents as a white, curd-like coating on the tongue, gums, or inner cheeks that cannot be wiped away. It is caused by an overgrowth of Candida species and is common in young infants.
C. A normal coating in infants (milk residue) is easily wiped away and does not persist.
D. Poor oral care may cause debris or plaque later in infancy but is not the cause of persistent white plaques in young infants.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Urinalysis can detect hematuria, proteinuria, or signs of urinary tract infection, which may indicate renal causes of pediatric hypertension, making it a helpful test.
B. Complete blood count (CBC) may reveal anemia or other hematologic abnormalities that could contribute indirectly to hypertension or help identify underlying systemic conditions.
C. Renal ultrasound is essential for evaluating structural kidney abnormalities, which are a common cause of hypertension in young children.
D. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT) are least helpful in determining the cause of hypertension in a 4-year-old, as liver disease is rarely a primary contributor to pediatric hypertension at this age.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Cephalexin (Keflex) is a first-generation cephalosporin commonly used as a first-line oral treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in children. A 7–10 day course is effective for eradicating infection while being well-tolerated.
B. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is generally avoided in children due to potential adverse effects on cartilage and is reserved for complicated or resistant infections.
C. Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) IM is typically reserved for severe infections, hospitalized patients, or when oral therapy is not feasible. It is not first-line for uncomplicated UTIs in outpatient children.
D. Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin) is effective for lower urinary tract infections but is usually avoided in children under 1 month and is less preferred in some cases for first-time infections due to limited tissue penetration.
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