According to Erikson, a 2-year-old child who is harshly punished for accidents during toilet training may experience what types of issues later in life?

A teacher is concerned that a 7-year-old girl does not talk in class. She only talks when she is alone or with specific close friends. This scenario is most consistent with which psychiatric condition?

A 36-year-old woman of Chinese descent presents to the PMHNP after a referral from her primary care physician, who has worked up her physical complaints. These physical complaints include headaches, dizziness, and abdominal pain. The patient says she also experiences insomnia, difficulty concentrating, anxiety, and fatigue. These symptoms started approximately 6 months ago, after her husband had an affair, which he ended. She is also under stress at work, since she just received a promotion. Which culture-bound syndrome should the PMHNP include in the differential diagnosis?

A 46-year-old woman with a BMI of 35 reports episodes of feeling "out of control" with eating. She says that during these episodes, she eats an extremely large quantity of food in a short period of time. She eats quickly and past the point of being full, which leaves her feeling physically uncomfortable. After these episodes, she feels ashamed. She has been hiding this behavior from her friends and family for about 4 months. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?

A 19-year-old man presents to the PMHNP for a psychiatric evaluation with a chief complaint of intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Of the following, which is considered the gold standard assessment tool for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) severity?

The mother of a 9-year-old boy explains to the PMHNP that he has a 6-month history of excessive eye blinking and grunting, and he recently began persistently clearing his throat. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A PMHNP uses the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) to aid in the diagnosis of an 8-year-old boy. She asks the parents to leave the room while she conducts the exam. The parents are hesitant to leave their child and want to know why it is important to leave him alone during the exam. What is the PMHNP's most appropriate response?

The parents of a 14-year-old female high school freshman bring her to the PMHNP for an evaluation. They believe she should be doing better in high school due to her "gifted" status. They state that she has a formal IQ score of 125 and that her grades were mostly As through 5th grade. Now, she hands in her papers late and her grades are dropping to mostly Bs and Cs. During her psychiatric evaluation, the girl reports that high school is different from elementary school and junior high because now she has to write papers. She says she often turns them in late due to procrastination and forgetfulness. She reports a long history of inability to sustain attention while in class or doing homework, failure to pay attention to details or finish chores or tasks, significant difficulties with time management, planning, and organization. She is forgetful, often loses things, and is easily distracted. She has no history of restlessness or impulsivity, and she is popular with her peers. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 40-year-old man reports episodes in which he unexpectedly feels a surge of intense fear that peaks within minutes. During this time he feels dizzy, has shortness of breath, heart palpitations, and feels like he is "going crazy." These episodes seem to come "out of the blue" with no trigger that he can identify. He has had them when he has been napping on the weekend or during a break at work. He is starting to think he is really "going crazy," because he has no medical conditions, doesn't drink or smoke, and says there are no new stressors in his life that could be causing this. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 40-year-old man tells his wife he thinks he is having a midlife crisis. In which Erikson stage does the midlife crisis occur?

The mother of a 9-year-old boy explains to the PMHNP that he has a 6-month history of excessive eye blinking and grunting, and he recently began persistently clearing his throat. Assessment of co-occurring conditions is important for understanding the overall functional consequences of tics. Which of the following conditions has been associated with tic disorders?