All of the following are the brand names of nitrofurantoin, EXCEPT?
Mupirocin
Macrobid
Macrodantin
Furadantin
The Correct Answer is A
Nitrofurantoin is a synthetic nitrofuran antibiotic used specifically for the treatment and prophylaxis of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). It works by inhibiting bacterial enzymes involved in protein synthesis and aerobic energy metabolism. Because it is rapidly excreted into the urine, it is highly effective in the bladder but is not used for systemic or tissue-based infections.
Rationale:
A. Mupirocin is the generic name for an unrelated topical antibiotic often sold under the brand name Bactroban. It is used to treat skin infections like impetigo or to eradicate MRSA colonization in the nares. It has no pharmacological relationship to nitrofurantoin and is not a brand name for any urinary tract anti-infective medication.
B. Macrobid is a common brand name for a specific formulation of nitrofurantoin that combines macrocrystals and monohydrate. This design allows for twice-daily dosing, which improves patient compliance compared to older versions. It is a cornerstone treatment in outpatient management for acute cystitis in women without complications or pregnancy issues.
C. Macrodantin is a brand name for the macrocrystalline form of nitrofurantoin. The larger crystal size slows the rate of absorption, which helps reduce the common gastrointestinal side effects associated with the drug. It is typically dosed four times a day and is used for both treatment and long-term UTI suppression.
D. Furadantin is the brand name for the oral suspension or microcrystalline form of nitrofurantoin. It is often used in pediatric patients or individuals who have difficulty swallowing tablets. Like the other nitrofurantoin products, it is indicated strictly for lower urinary tract infections and requires monitoring of renal function for effective therapy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Debrox is an otic solution containing carbamide peroxide 6.5%, used primarily as an earwax (cerumen) removal aid. When applied to the ear canal, it releases oxygen, causing a foaming action that softens and loosens impacted wax. Proper administration is critical to avoid otic irritation or damage to the tympanic membrane. Treatment is generally limited to a specific duration before medical consultation is required.
Rationale:
A. True is incorrect because the specific dosage range and frequency provided do not match the standard FDA-approved labeling for this otic medication. While the medication is used for cerumen removal, the clinical guidelines dictate a higher drop count to ensure adequate saturation of the wax within the external auditory canal.
B. False is the correct answer because the standard adult dose for Debrox is 5 to 10 drops, not 1 to 5. The frequency is twice daily for up to 4 days. Providing only 1 to 5 drops may result in sub-therapeutic coverage, failing to effectively emulsify the impacted cerumen for subsequent irrigation.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Lipoproteins are complex particles that transport hydrophobic lipids through the aqueous environment of the blood. They consist of a core of triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters surrounded by a shell of phospholipids and apolipoproteins. These particles are classified by their density and origin. The exogenous pathway handles lipids from the diet, while the endogenous pathway handles lipids synthesized within the liver.
Rationale:
A. Intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) is formed during the conversion of VLDL to LDL. It is a transient particle in the endogenous pathway and is relatively enriched in cholesterol compared to its precursor. It is not synthesized in the intestinal mucosa and does not primarily carry dietary (exogenous) lipids.
B. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is involved in reverse cholesterol transport, moving cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver. It contains a high protein-to-lipid ratio, making it the densest lipoprotein. It is synthesized by the liver and intestine but is not used for the bulk transport of dietary triacylglycerols.
C. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the primary carrier of cholesterol to peripheral tissues. It is derived from the metabolism of VLDL and IDL in the circulation. LDL is often referred to as "bad cholesterol" when levels are elevated, but it is not synthesized in the intestine or responsible for initial dietary fat transport.
D. Chylomicrons are the lipoproteins synthesized in the intestinal mucosa (enterocytes) following the absorption of dietary fats. They have the lowest density because they contain up to 90% triacylglycerol. Their primary function is to transport exogenous lipids from the intestine to the rest of the body via the lymphatic system.
E. Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is synthesized in the liver, not the intestinal mucosa. While it contains a high concentration of triacylglycerols, these are endogenously synthesized lipids rather than dietary ones. VLDL is the precursor to IDL and LDL in the systemic circulation's lipid delivery network.
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