An 80-year-old female presents to the ER with complaints of feeling more fatigued for the last three days and has had a fever the last 24 hours. She reports painful, burning sensation when she urinates as well as increased frequency of urination the last week. It has been 90 degrees this past week. She usually drinks 2-3 glasses of liquid a day and a cup of tea. Her daughter became concerned and brought her to the ER when she did not know what day it was. She has no history of confusion or diabetes. Labs were obtained. Which of the following lab results are RELEVANT that must be recognized as clinically significant to the nurse and requires immediate intervention? Select all that apply.
WBC 13.8
Hgb 14.4
Platelets 98
Glucose 140
Lactate 3.2
Correct Answer : A,C,E
Rationale:
A. WBC 13.8 is correct because leukocytosis indicates infection or systemic inflammatory response, consistent with her urinary symptoms and altered mental status. This lab result supports the need for immediate evaluation and treatment of a suspected urinary tract infection or sepsis.
B. Hgb 14.4 is incorrect because this value is within normal limits for an adult female and does not indicate acute pathology requiring intervention.
C. Platelets 98 is correct because thrombocytopenia (<150,000) may indicate consumption from sepsis or early disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Low platelets increase the risk for bleeding and are clinically significant in a patient with suspected infection.
D. Glucose 140 is incorrect because this value is mildly elevated and may be stress-induced hyperglycemia, which is common in acute illness. While it should be monitored, it does not require immediate intervention.
E. Lactate 3.2 is correct because elevated serum lactate (>2 mmol/L) indicates tissue hypoperfusion and risk of severe sepsis or septic shock. This is a critical finding requiring urgent recognition and intervention, such as fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, and close hemodynamic monitoring.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. 1, 2, 3, 4 – This order fails to prioritize life-threatening conditions. A neonate with fever, petechiae, and nuchal rigidity is at high risk for meningitis or sepsis and must be assessed first.
B. 2, 1, 3, 4 – A twisted ankle with intact circulation and no deformity is a low-priority, non-emergent condition and should not be assessed early.
C. 4, 3, 1, 2 – The 3-day-old infant with fever, petechiae, and nuchal rigidity is the highest priority due to the risk of bacterial meningitis or sepsis, which are life-threatening emergencies, especially in neonates.
The 25-year-old male with a head injury and altered mental status (dazed) is next, as this suggests a potential concussion or intracranial injury, which can rapidly deteriorate.
The 50-year-old female with moderate abdominal pain and occasional vomiting is stable and does not show signs of shock or acute abdomen, making her a lower priority.
The 35-year-old jogger with a twisted ankle, intact pedal pulse, and no deformity has a minor musculoskeletal injury and is the lowest priority.
D. 3, 4, 2, 1 – Although head injury is serious, the neonate with fever and petechiae must be assessed first because of the immediate risk of sepsis and meningitis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The elderly person with dizziness and syncope is experiencing heat exhaustion or early heat-related illness. While they require care, this condition is less immediately life-threatening than heat stroke.
B. The marathon runner with leg cramps, nausea, tachycardia, diaphoresis, pallor, and weakness is likely experiencing heat cramps or heat exhaustion. These patients are seriously uncomfortable and at risk, but they retain mental status and perfusion, making them lower priority than someone with altered mental status.
C. The homemaker with tachypnea, hypotension, fatigue, and profuse diaphoresis is experiencing progressive heat exhaustion. Although this is serious, the patient is still conscious and sweating, indicating that thermoregulation is still somewhat intact.
D. The homeless person with altered mental status, poor muscle coordination, hot, dry, ashen skin, and unknown duration of heat exposure is experiencing classic heat stroke, a life-threatening emergency. Heat stroke is characterized by central nervous system dysfunction and inability to regulate body temperature. Immediate intervention is required to cool the patient and prevent multi-organ failure.
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