An adult who has never smoked or been around cigarette smoke is unlikely to have which of the following diseases?

Rheumatic fever is believed to be an uncommon complication of an acute infection with which of the following microorganisms?

Which of the following pathologic findings is best described as a collection of platelets, fibrin, and entrapped cellular elements that is attached to the luminal surface of an artery or vein?

A young adult male takes advantage of the free clinic to discuss recurring symptoms with a doctor. He explains that although he feels well at the moment, he sometimes hears some sound upon exhalation, and also can experience slight chest tightness and shortness of breath on occasion. The patient states that breathing symptoms come and go but tend to worsen seasonally. Standard spirometry tests are taken before and after inhalation of an ẞ-adrenergic receptor agonist. Which of the following would be consistent with the diagnosis of asthma?

A 58-year-old woman with a history of cigarette smoking complains of shortness of breath (dyspnea). Physical examination reveals no signs of congestive heart failure. Radiological abnormalities are limited to evidence of over-inflation of the patient's lungs. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A sputum sample obtained from a 68-year-old former construction worker reveals needle-like inert minerals (shown). This patient is at increased risk of developing which of the following malignant neoplasms?

A 39-year-old man with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with a 3-week history of chest pain and shortness of breath. An x-ray film of the chest shows bilateral nodularities of the lungs. A CT-guided lung biopsy reveals granulomatous inflammation with scattered multinucleated giant cells. Giant cells in these pulmonary lesions are derived from which of the following inflammatory cells?

A 48-year-old man with a history of heavy smoking presents with a 3-year history of persistent cough and frequent upper respiratory infections, associated with sputum production. Analysis of arterial blood gases reveals hypoxia and CO2 retention. Which of the following is the appropriate diagnosis?

A 55-year-old man with polycystic kidney disease dies in renal failure (uremia). A shaggy exudate on the surface of this heart is observed at autopsy (shown). This inflammatory exudate contains large amounts of which of the following plasma-derived proteins?

A 22-year-old construction worker falls 30 feet and fractures several bones, including his left femoral shaft. Six hours later, the patient develops shortness of breath and cyanosis. Which of the following hemodynamic disorders best explains the pathogenesis of respiratory distress in this patient?

A 59-year-old man with a history of poor dentition presents with fever, new-onset heart murmur, and positive blood cultures for Streptococcus species. The provider suspects infective endocarditis involving a native heart valve. Which pathophysiologic characteristic of cardiac valves most explains why bacteria are able to adhere and proliferate in this location?