Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the________
hypothalamus
pancreas
adrenal gland
kidneys
anterior pituitary
The Correct Answer is D
A. Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus produces ADH, but it is not the target of its action. The hormone acts on other organs to regulate water balance, not on the hypothalamus itself.
B. Pancreas: The pancreas is involved in insulin and glucagon secretion and does not respond to ADH. It is not a target organ for this hormone.
C. Adrenal gland: The adrenal gland secretes hormones like cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline, but ADH does not act directly on it.
D. Kidneys: ADH primarily targets the kidneys, specifically the collecting ducts, to increase water reabsorption. This action reduces urine volume and helps maintain body fluid balance and blood pressure.
E. Anterior pituitary: The anterior pituitary is not a target of ADH; it is regulated by hypothalamic hormones but does not respond to ADH in controlling water balance.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. No:This is incorrect because type AB blood has antigens present on the surface of red blood cells. “No” antigens are characteristic of type O blood, not AB.
B. Anti-A and anti-B:Anti-A and anti-B are antibodies found in the plasma, not antigens on the RBCs. Type AB blood does not have these antibodies, which is why it is the universal recipient.
C. Anti-A:Anti-A is an antibody against A antigens, not an RBC surface antigen. Type AB blood does not produce anti-A antibodies because it naturally expresses A antigens.
D. Anti-B:Anti-B is an antibody against B antigens, also not present on the RBC surface. Type AB blood expresses B antigens, so it cannot have anti-B antibodies.
E. A and B:Type AB blood has both A and B antigens on the red blood cell surface. This dual expression explains why the individual does not produce anti-A or anti-B antibodies, allowing them to receive blood from any ABO type.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Negative feedback inhibition:Target organs commonly regulate the pituitary gland through negative feedback. When hormone levels rise in the blood, the target organs signal the pituitary to decrease secretion of stimulating hormones, maintaining homeostasis and preventing overproduction.
B. Up-regulation:Up-regulation refers to an increase in receptor numbers on target cells in response to low hormone levels. It affects cell sensitivity but does not directly regulate pituitary hormone secretion.
C. Positive feedback inhibition:Positive feedback amplifies responses rather than inhibiting them. This mechanism is rare in endocrine systems and is typically seen only in events like childbirth, not general pituitary regulation.
D. Antagonistic regulation:Antagonistic regulation occurs when hormones have opposite effects on target cells, but this does not describe the primary mechanism by which the pituitary is controlled by its target organs.
E. Down-regulation:Down-regulation refers to the decrease in receptor numbers on target cells in response to high hormone levels. It modulates target cell sensitivity but does not directly control pituitary hormone secretion.
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