Anxiety becomes classified as a disorder under which condition?
It lasts for less than one week and responds to relaxation techniques.
It significantly interferes with daily life and functions.
It is developmentally expected during a life stage.
It leads to occasional palpitations and mild distress.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Brief periods of anxiety that resolve quickly and respond to simple relaxation are considered normal stress responses. For a clinical diagnosis of a disorder, the symptoms must typically persist for a longer duration, usually six months or more for conditions like generalized anxiety disorder.
Choice B reason: The transition from normal anxiety to a clinical disorder is marked by the degree of functional impairment. When anxiety becomes maladaptive, causing significant distress or hindering an individual's occupational, social, or academic performance, it meets the diagnostic threshold for a psychiatric disorder.
Choice C reason: Developmental anxiety, such as separation anxiety in toddlers or performance jitters in adolescents, is considered a normal part of maturation. These are transient phases and do not constitute a disorder unless the intensity and duration are completely inappropriate for the individual's developmental level.
Choice D reason: Occasional physiological symptoms like mild palpitations or distress are common human experiences during high-pressure situations. These "state" anxiety episodes do not qualify as a disorder unless they are recurrent, persistent, and cause a profound shift in the individual's ability to maintain their routine.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: While tardive dyskinesia is a serious concern with many antipsychotics, clozapine is actually associated with a very low risk of this condition. In fact, clozapine is often used as a treatment strategy for patients who have already developed severe tardive dyskinesia from other neuroleptic medications.
Choice B reason: Clozapine has a unique pharmacological profile with low D2 receptor occupancy in the striatum, making extrapyramidal symptoms like tremors or rigidity highly unlikely. It is specifically chosen for patients who are treatment-resistant or highly sensitive to the motor side effects caused by other typical or atypical antipsychotics.
Choice C reason: Serotonin syndrome is a toxic state caused by excessive serotonergic activity, usually resulting from interactions between SSRIs, SNRIs, or MAOIs. While clozapine affects various neurotransmitter systems, it is not primarily associated with the development of serotonin syndrome, which presents with hyperreflexia, clonus, and autonomic instability.
Choice D reason: Agranulocytosis is a life-threatening reduction in the white blood cell count (specifically neutrophils) that can occur in patients taking clozapine. This requires strict mandatory blood monitoring of the Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) to prevent severe sepsis or death, making it the most critical safety priority for the nurse.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Many herbal supplements pharmacodynamically or pharmacokinetically interact with conventional pharmaceuticals. For example, St. John's Wort induces cytochrome P450 enzymes, which can significantly decrease the efficacy of anticoagulants or oral contraceptives. Consulting a healthcare provider is essential to prevent adverse drug-herb interactions and ensure overall patient safety.
Choice B reason: Taking the highest recommended dose is dangerous advice, as herbal products are often not standardized for potency. High doses increase the risk of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or systemic toxicity. Most integrative medicine practitioners recommend starting with the lowest effective dose to assess tolerance and minimize the risk of adverse reactions.
Choice C reason: While an organic certification indicates the absence of certain pesticides, it does not guarantee the safety, efficacy, or purity of the active herbal components. A supplement can be organic but still contain toxic levels of a botanical substance or interact dangerously with a patient's existing medical condition or medications.
Choice D reason: Recommendations from family or friends are anecdotal and do not account for individual medical histories, allergies, or contraindications. Evidence-based practice requires that herbal choices be based on scientific data and professional medical consultation rather than subjective experiences from individuals who lack pharmacological or clinical training.
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