Autopsy of an 80-year-old woman with a history of congestive heart failure reveals marked enlargement of the left ventricle. Which of the following mechanisms of disease is most likely responsible for this autopsy finding?

A young adult male takes advantage of the free clinic to discuss recurring symptoms with a doctor. He explains that although he feels well at the moment, he sometimes hears some sound upon exhalation, and also can experience slight chest tightness and shortness of breath on occasion. The patient states that breathing symptoms come and go but tend to worsen seasonally. Standard spirometry tests are taken before and after inhalation of an ẞ-adrenergic receptor agonist. Which of the following would be consistent with the diagnosis of asthma?

A 32-year-old woman who weighs 125 kg (275 lb) is in the hospital for open reduction and internal fixation of a fractured ankle. She states that the only medication she is taking is an oral contraceptive. Four days after the surgery, she suddenly complains of chest pain and is noted to have difficulty breathing. Pulse oximetry reveals an arterial pO2 of 75%. She becomes unresponsive. During resuscitation, she is noted to have pulseless electrical activity. Despite aggressive efforts, she dies. An autopsy is most likely to reveal which of the following conditions?

A 72-year-old man with a history of angina pectoris presents with substernal chest pain. Laboratory studies reveal elevated serum levels cardiac troponin-l. ECG confirms a myocardial infarction of the left ventricular wall, Which of the following plasma- derived proteins is chiefly responsible for regulating coronary thrombosis in this patient?

A 67-year-old man presents to your office with worsening cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath. He has been a cigarette smoker for the past 50 years, smoking approximately 1 pack a day. He has a chronic AM cough productive of some yellow sputum but generally feels okay during the day. He was in his usual state of health until two weeks ago when he developed a cold. Since then, he has had a hacking cough and increased thick sputum production. He also has had difficulty walking more than a block without stopping due to shortness of breath. Physical examination reveals prolonged expiration, audible wheezing, and diffuse rhonchi throughout both lung fields. Chest x-ray shows hyperinflation of both lungs with a flattened diaphragm. His most likely diagnosis is:

A 64-year-old woman with bilateral. varicose veins of her legs developed sudden onset\ chest pain. and expectorated blood the next day (hemoptysis). What could have caused the patient’s symptoms?

Which of the following pathologic findings is best described as a collection of platelets, fibrin, and entrapped cellular elements that is attached to the luminal surface of an artery or vein?

A 67-year-old woman develops sudden, substernal chest pain. Laboratory studies and ECG confirm acute myocardial infarct of the left ventricle. Despite vigorous therapy, the patient cannot maintain her blood pressure and expires. Autopsy reveals occlusion of the left main coronary artery. What is the most important underlying cause of coronary artery thrombosis in this patient?

A 70-year-old woman with progressive dyspnea dies in her sleep. The lungs are examined at autopsy (shown). What was the most likely cause of this patient's lung pathology?

A 5-year-old girl had a sudden attack of suffocating cough accompanied by wheezing. There was no fever but the child appeared anxious and in distress. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 62-year-old woman suffers internal Injuries in an automobile accident and appears to be in a state of shock. Two days later, the patient develops rapidly progressive respiratory distress and a pattern of “’interstitial pneumonia” on chest x-ray (shock lung). Which of the following pathologic findings could be expected in the lungs of this patient with diffuse alveolar carriage?