Budesonide with formoterol fumarate dihydrate (inhalation) belongs to which of the following therapeutic drug classes? Select all that apply.
Antiallergy
Bronchoconstrictor
COPD Agent
Antiasthmatic
Correct Answer : C,D
A. Antiallergy medications generally include antihistamines or mast cell stabilizers that target the early-phase allergic response. While the corticosteroid component reduces inflammation, this combination is specifically indicated for chronic respiratory pathologies. It is not classified as a primary antiallergy agent.
B. Bronchoconstrictors represent a pharmacological class that narrow the airways, which is the opposite effect of this medication. Formoterol acts as a long-acting beta-2 agonist to induce smooth muscle relaxation. This drug combination is intended to treat, not cause, bronchoconstriction.
C. COPD agent is a correct classification as this combination is FDA-approved for the maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The long-acting bronchodilator ensures sustained patency of the airways. The corticosteroid component helps reduce the associated chronic inflammation.
D. Antiasthmatic is a correct therapeutic class because this combination targets the underlying inflammation and bronchoconstriction in asthma. Budesonide reduces airway hyperresponsiveness through glucocorticoid receptor activation. Formoterol provides long-acting bronchodilation to prevent nocturnal and exercise-induced symptoms.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","D"]
Explanation
A. Arformoterol is indicated for the long-term maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It acts as a long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist to improve forced expiratory volume. This clinical application defines its classification.
B. This drug lacks activity on the cough reflex center in the medulla oblongata. It does not possess the pharmacological properties of peripheral or central antitussives like codeine or dextromethorphan. It is not used to suppress non-productive cough.
C. Arformoterol does not antagonize H1 receptors or inhibit the release of histamine from mast cells. Its mechanism of action is independent of the inflammatory pathways targeted by antihistamines. It serves no role in treating allergic rhinitis or urticaria.
D. As the (R,R)-enantiomer of formoterol, it stimulates adenylate cyclase to increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. This process leads to the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle cells. The resulting increase in airway caliber defines it as a bronchodilator.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Ibuprofen does not possess any pharmacological affinity for mu-opioid receptors. It does not mitigate withdrawal symptoms or block the effects of exogenous opioids like methadone or buprenorphine. It is not indicated for the management of opioid use disorder or dependence.
B. While this agent can affect renal hemodynamics by inhibiting vasodilatory prostaglandins, it is not classified as a renal therapeutic drug. It is not used to treat primary kidney diseases or improve renal clearance. Prolonged use may actually cause nephrotoxicity.
C. This medication does not modulate bone mineral density or inhibit osteoclast activity. It lacks the mechanism of bisphosphonates or selective estrogen receptor modulators used to treat bone loss. It is not a therapeutic class for the management of osteoporosis.
D. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that non-selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 enzymes. This action reduces the synthesis of proinflammatory prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. It is clinically indicated for the management of inflammatory pain, fever, and dysmenorrhea.
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