Chemoreceptors detect
Both B and E
the amount of CO2 and H+ in the blood
heart rate
the blood pressure change
a pH change
The Correct Answer is A
A. Both B and E: Chemoreceptors monitor chemical changes in the blood, such as CO₂ levels and pH (H⁺ concentration), and baroreceptors monitor blood pressure changes. Some chemoreceptors work alongside baroreceptors to regulate respiration and cardiovascular function, making both B and E correct in the context of chemical detection.
B. The amount of CO₂ and H⁺ in the blood: Chemoreceptors detect changes in CO₂ and hydrogen ion concentration, which reflect the blood’s acidity. These receptors help adjust respiration rate to maintain homeostasis of blood pH and gas levels.
C. Heart rate: Heart rate is regulated primarily by the autonomic nervous system via the sinoatrial node and baroreceptor reflexes, not directly by chemoreceptors.
D. The blood pressure change: Blood pressure changes are detected by baroreceptors, not chemoreceptors. Chemoreceptors respond mainly to chemical composition rather than mechanical pressure.
E. A pH change: Chemoreceptors are sensitive to pH changes in the blood, which are influenced by CO₂ and H⁺ levels. This detection triggers adjustments in ventilation to maintain acid-base balance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Veins only carry blood low in oxygen:This statement is false because pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. Not all veins carry deoxygenated blood; the oxygen content depends on the circulation pathway.
B. Veins are our blood reservoirs:Veins are capacitance vessels that can hold large volumes of blood, acting as reservoirs. This property helps maintain circulatory stability and allows the body to adjust blood distribution as needed.
C. Blood pressure is low in veins:Venous pressure is significantly lower than arterial pressure because veins are farther from the pumping action of the heart and have thinner walls with less smooth muscle.
D. Veins have valves:Many veins, especially in the limbs, contain valves that prevent backflow and assist in returning blood to the heart against gravity. These valves are crucial for maintaining unidirectional flow.
E. There are no exceptions, all of the above are true:This is incorrect because statement A is false; veins do not exclusively carry deoxygenated blood.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Opsonization:Opsonization is the process by which antibodies and complement proteins coat a pathogen, enhancing recognition and binding by phagocytes. This coating increases the efficiency of phagocytosis and helps eliminate the microorganism.
B. Agglutination:Agglutination occurs when antibodies bind multiple antigens together, causing clumping of pathogens. While it helps contain infections, it does not directly facilitate phagocytosis in the same way opsonization does.
C. Chemotaxis:Chemotaxis refers to the directed movement of immune cells toward a site of infection or tissue damage, guided by chemical signals. It does not involve coating pathogens for phagocytosis.
D. Diapedesis:Diapedesis is the process by which leukocytes squeeze through capillary walls to reach infected tissues. It facilitates immune cell migration but is not the mechanism by which pathogens are marked for phagocytosis.
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