The primary immune response
has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells
is another name for immunological memory
occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary response
occurs when memory cells are stimulated
The Correct Answer is A
A. Has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells: The primary immune response involves initial exposure to an antigen. B cells require time to recognize the antigen, proliferate, and differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies, resulting in a delayed but specific response.
B. Is another name for immunological memory: Immunological memory refers to the enhanced response of the secondary immune response due to memory cells. It is not synonymous with the primary immune response, which occurs upon first exposure to an antigen.
C. Occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary response: The primary response is slower and weaker than the secondary response. Memory cells generated during the primary response enable the secondary response to act faster and with higher antibody production.
D. Occurs when memory cells are stimulated: Stimulation of memory cells triggers the secondary immune response, not the primary response. The primary response occurs when naive B and T cells encounter an antigen for the first time.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Increased damage to blood vessel endothelium:Chronic high blood pressure damages the endothelial lining of arteries, promoting atherosclerosis and increasing the risk of vascular complications. This is a common consequence of severe hypertension.
B. Increased incidence of coronary artery disease:Hypertension accelerates plaque formation in coronary arteries and increases cardiac workload, raising the likelihood of developing coronary artery disease. Elevated pressure contributes to vascular injury and ischemic events.
C. Decreased size of the heart muscle:Hypertension typically causes the heart, especially the left ventricle, to undergo hypertrophy (enlargement) due to increased workload. A decrease in heart muscle size does not occur as a result of high blood pressure.
D. Increased work of the left ventricle:High systemic arterial pressure forces the left ventricle to pump against greater resistance, increasing cardiac workload. This elevated work can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy and eventual heart failure if untreated.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. T cells:T lymphocytes are part of the adaptive immune system and require specific antigen recognition for activation. They provide targeted responses and immunological memory but do not act immediately. Their function is delayed compared to innate immune cells, so they are not a component of innate defenses.
B. Natural killer cells:Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that act without prior sensitization. They can recognize and destroy virus-infected or abnormal cells immediately. This rapid, non-specific action provides a critical first line of defense against infections and tumor cells.
C. Plasma cells:Plasma cells are differentiated B cells that secrete antibodies as part of the adaptive immune response. They take several days to develop after antigen exposure and are not involved in immediate, non-specific innate defense mechanisms.
D. B cells:B lymphocytes belong to the adaptive immune system and require activation by antigens and helper T cells to produce antibodies. Their responses are specific and delayed, unlike innate immune cells that respond immediately to threats.
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