The primary immune response
has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells
is another name for immunological memory
occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary response
occurs when memory cells are stimulated
The Correct Answer is A
A. Has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells: The primary immune response involves initial exposure to an antigen. B cells require time to recognize the antigen, proliferate, and differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies, resulting in a delayed but specific response.
B. Is another name for immunological memory: Immunological memory refers to the enhanced response of the secondary immune response due to memory cells. It is not synonymous with the primary immune response, which occurs upon first exposure to an antigen.
C. Occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary response: The primary response is slower and weaker than the secondary response. Memory cells generated during the primary response enable the secondary response to act faster and with higher antibody production.
D. Occurs when memory cells are stimulated: Stimulation of memory cells triggers the secondary immune response, not the primary response. The primary response occurs when naive B and T cells encounter an antigen for the first time.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. T cells:T lymphocytes are part of the adaptive immune system and require specific antigen recognition for activation. They provide targeted responses and immunological memory but do not act immediately. Their function is delayed compared to innate immune cells, so they are not a component of innate defenses.
B. Natural killer cells:Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that act without prior sensitization. They can recognize and destroy virus-infected or abnormal cells immediately. This rapid, non-specific action provides a critical first line of defense against infections and tumor cells.
C. Plasma cells:Plasma cells are differentiated B cells that secrete antibodies as part of the adaptive immune response. They take several days to develop after antigen exposure and are not involved in immediate, non-specific innate defense mechanisms.
D. B cells:B lymphocytes belong to the adaptive immune system and require activation by antigens and helper T cells to produce antibodies. Their responses are specific and delayed, unlike innate immune cells that respond immediately to threats.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Antigenic:“Antigenic” is not a classification of T cells. It describes a property of a substance that can trigger an immune response, not a type of T lymphocyte.
B. Cytotoxic:Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) directly kill infected or abnormal cells. They are a major type of T cell responsible for cell-mediated immunity and defense against viruses and cancer cells.
C. Regulatory:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) modulate the immune response by suppressing excessive or inappropriate activation. They help maintain immune tolerance and prevent autoimmune reactions.
D. Helper:Helper T cells (CD4+) assist other immune cells by releasing cytokines that stimulate B cells, cytotoxic T cells, and macrophages. They are essential for orchestrating the adaptive immune response.
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