Clubbing of the nails is a sign of (a)
Melanoma
Lung Disorder
Digestive Disorder
Anemia
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Melanoma affects the skin and can involve nail pigmentation changes, but it does not cause clubbing.
B. Clubbing of the nails—characterized by bulbous enlargement of the fingertips and downward curving of the nails—is commonly associated with chronic hypoxia from conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, or other chronic lung diseases. It results from prolonged low oxygen levels, which stimulate changes in the soft tissue beneath the nail bed.
C. Digestive Disorder is not typically associated with nail clubbing, though some gastrointestinal diseases may rarely contribute indirectly.
D. Anemia can cause pale or brittle nails but does not lead to the distinct clubbing seen in chronic hypoxia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body. It does not involve extending a joint beyond its normal position.
B. Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body. Like adduction, it does not describe joint extension.
C. Hyperextension refers to extending a joint beyond its normal anatomical position, such as bending the head backward too far or forcefully extending the knee past its straight alignment. While some hyperextension can be part of normal flexibility, excessive or forceful hyperextension can cause injury to ligaments and joint structures.
D. Refers to rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward or backward. It is a rotational movement, not an extension movement.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, or nail beds due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood or poor circulation. It is often seen in conditions such as respiratory distress, heart disease, or hypothermia.
B. Refers to redness of the skin, usually caused by increased blood flow to the capillaries in response to fever, inflammation, infection, or sunburn.
C. Pallor refers to paleness of the skin, often due to reduced blood flow, anemia, shock, or hypothermia.
D. Jaundice refers to a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by elevated bilirubin levels, often due to liver dysfunction or bile duct obstruction.
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