Which type of joint provides the greatest range of motion?
hinge
condyloid
ball-and-socket
saddle joint
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Hinge joints, like the elbow and knee, allow movement in only one plane (flexion and extension) and therefore have a limited range of motion.
B. Condyloid joints, such as the wrist, permit movement in two planes (flexion/extension and abduction/adduction) but do not allow full rotation.
C. Ball-and-socket joints, including the shoulder and hip, consist of a spherical head fitting into a cup-like cavity, allowing movement in multiple planes—flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction—providing the greatest range of motion of all joint types.
D. Saddle joints, like the thumb carpometacarpal joint, allow movement in two planes with some rotation but still offer less overall mobility than ball-and-socket joints.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Lactic acid is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism when oxygen is limited, such as during intense exercise. Muscles do not metabolize lactic acid for energy at rest.
B. Glucose is a primary fuel source during moderate to high activity, but at rest, muscles rely more on fat metabolism.
C. Creatine phosphate provides a rapid, short-term energy source during the first few seconds of intense activity, but it is not the main energy source at rest.
D. At rest, skeletal muscles primarily metabolize fatty acids through aerobic respiration to produce ATP. This is because fat provides a more efficient and long-lasting energy source during periods of low demand.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, or nail beds due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood or poor circulation. It is often seen in conditions such as respiratory distress, heart disease, or hypothermia.
B. Refers to redness of the skin, usually caused by increased blood flow to the capillaries in response to fever, inflammation, infection, or sunburn.
C. Pallor refers to paleness of the skin, often due to reduced blood flow, anemia, shock, or hypothermia.
D. Jaundice refers to a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by elevated bilirubin levels, often due to liver dysfunction or bile duct obstruction.
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